Femtosecond Raman spectroscopy has been developed to investigate ultrafast photoinduced structural changes of materials. Vibrational modes in the photogenerated transient species are measured by stimulated Raman scattering using a Raman pump pulse with narrow bandwidth and a femtosecond supercontinuum probe pulse. The Raman signal can be measured without slowing the temporal response and broadening the spectrum, because the temporal and spectral resolutions of the present method can be improved independently without the restriction of the transform limit. The transient Raman spectra of the trans-cis photoisomerization process in the DCM ͑4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-Pyran͒ dye solution were observed with the resolutions of 250 fs and 25 cm Ϫ1 .

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Outer tub of a front-loading washer-dryer supported by the vibration isolation structure is vibrated by imbalance of clothes inside the drum. In dehydration, it is required to reduce the vibration of the outer tub by the multiple countermeasures because drum rotational speed revs up and passes through the multiple resonances. In this study, a multi-objective optimum design approach was proposed to reduce vibration considering cloth mass, and also to reduce mass of the anti-vibration-weight bolted on the outer tub. This approach consists of three steps; the first part is to narrow the search range by an analysis of influence, the second is to obtain a response surface, and the third is to search for Pareto set by the response surface in detail. As a result, Pareto set, which consist of the location and mass of anti-vibration-weight to reduce vibration of two modes considering cloth, was obtained. This result would provide the validity of the proposed approach.