The present study is designed to compare profitability of growing crops by the selected disadvantaged smallholders living inside and outside the Polder No. 29 in Khulna district of Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 120 respondents, of which 65 from inside the Polder 29 and 55 from outside the Polder 29 were selected randomly. The disadvantaged people outside Polder 29 (Latabunia) followed only one cropping pattern a year such as: (i) T. Aman paddy and Bagda. On the other hand, the disadvantaged people inside polder area followed two distinct cropping patterns a year such as: (i) T. Aman paddy and Bagda; and (ii) Boro paddy and T. Aman paddy. No disadvantaged people outside Polder 29 were found to be involved in small trading and livestock keeping whereas it was common inside Polder 29. So, a wider variation in cropping patterns and profitability of the disadvantaged people was observed as the farm is located inside and outside the Polder 29 (Latabunia). Profitability of disadvantaged people for Bagda cultivation within and outside Polder 29 was not much differs but profitability of disadvantaged people for T. Original Research ArticleZaman and Mannaf; AJEBA, 1(1): 1-9, 2016; Article no.AJEBA.28456 2 Aman production inside Polder 29 was higher than the profitability for T. Aman production of Latabunia farmers and the difference was Tk 19142.00 per hectare. The concerned scientists should give top most priority to develop salt tolerance new variety of T. Aman paddy and MV Boro paddy for this area. Necessary steps could be taken to protect the land of outside farmers from the salinity or other appropriate steps could be taken to decrease salinity problem of the area.

The single most factor affecting the livelihood of haor people of Bangladesh is fishing. Data and information regarding this issue are lacking in Bangladesh, therefore, the study was conducted to assess the extent and determinants of livelihood step up of fishermen in haor area of Sunamganj district, Bangladesh. The present investigation showed that, the majority of the fishermen (60.0%) had small land ownership. Most of them were illiterate (56.3%) and belonged to (53.75%) middle income ($621.0-$915.0) and 6.25% had a small income ranging $305.0-$610. Among the fishermen, 45.0% were received credit from Mahajan and only 12.5% of fishermen had savings. Different livelihood assets were increased to a large extent due to small-scale fishing. Financial, human, social and physical capitals were increased from 32.0% to 76.67%, 45.0% to 75.33%, 42.0% to 62.5% and 30.0% to 73.37%, respectively due to engage in fishing. The logistic regression model revealed four significant variables i.e., family type, farm size, boat ownership and credit access were responsible for the livelihood improvement of haor fishermen. Furthermore, this study also found out constraints which were faced by the fishermen. Among all the constraints, the flash flood was reported to as a major problem by the fishermen.

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