In the systemic treatment of brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer (BMF-NSCLC) chemo- and targeted therapy are used. Response rates after platinum-based chemotherapy, range from 23% to 45%. Development of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs): gefitinib or erlotinib, was an improvement in treatment of advanced NSCLC patients. EGFR mutations are present in 10–25% of NSCLC (mostly adenocarcinoma), and up to 55% in never-smoking women of East Asian descent. In the non-selected group of patients with BMF-NSCLC, the overall response rates after gefitinib or erlotinib treatment range from 10% to 38%, and the duration of response ranges from 9 to 13.5 months. In the case of present activating EGFR mutation, the response rate after EGRF-TKIs is greater than 50%, and in selected groups (adenocarcinoma, patients of Asian descent, never-smokers, asymptomatic BMF-NSCLC) even 70%. Gefitinib or erlotinib treatment improves survival of BMF-NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation in comparison to cases without the presence of this mutation. There is no data on the activity of the anti-EML4-ALK agent crizotinib. Bevacizumab, recombinant humanised monoclonal antibody anti-VEGF, in the treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients is a subject of intense research. Data from a clinical trial enrolling patients with pretreated or occult BMF-NSCLC proved that the addition of bevacizumab to various chemotherapy agents or erlotinib is a safe and efficient treatment, associated with a low incidence of CSN haemorrhages. However, the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab used for therapeutic intent, regarding active brain metastases is unknown.

Treatment of the malignant ovarian tumors remains challenging. Some of the reasons are as follows: lack of effective screening technique, usually asymptomatic early stages of the disease, which effects in detecting the disease in advanced stage, and eventually poor prognosis. Treatment of the relapse remains palliative. Inventing new drugs - like PARP inhibitors - gives hope for improvement of the treatment outcomes. This review paper presents actual knowledge on PARP inhibitors in the ovarian cancer therapy.

The aim of the study is the presentation of an unexpectably long, eight year survival of a female patient, suffering from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), who completed radical treatment, which was composed of neurosurgery followed by radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. The condition of the patient was regularly examined and brain computed tomography was performed to exclude recurrence of the disease. During eight years of follow-up, no relapse was observed. After radical treatment, the neurological condition of the patient systematically improved. At present, as a result of rehabilitation, neurological symptoms are not observed. Currently, the patient does not require any drugs, including anticonvulsants. In conclusion, despite extremely unfavorable prognosis, every patient who is fit enough should receive radiochemotherapy with temozolomide after neurosurgery, because longterm survival in GBM is achievable. In case of technical difficulties (unavailable radiotherapy or chemotherapy in smaller hospitals) patients should be referred to oncology centers for combined treatment.

No abstract