and Summary Partial ethograms have been compiled for specific studies in numerous species, but so far no generally accepted format has emerged which allows for standardized coding and for quantitative taxonomic comparisons. After a review of the literature (which is not included in this paper) we have designed a format for the coding and presentation of visual behavior patterns, and tested and refined it in a study of the bluebreasted quail's ethogram. We present here the description of the 60 most commonly observed visually discernible behavior patterns, coded by the state of 17 different feature variables, where each state variable can assume one of only two or three different states, and orientation variables are set in reference to a 26‐sided solid. In addition, each behavior pattern is illustrated by a schematic sketch of the bird in a characteristic climax pose. The goal of this paper is to draw attention to the urgent need for some standardization of the reporting of behavioral observation if we take the “comparative approach to the study of behavior” seriously. This ethogram may serve as a focal point in the future discussion, and potentially as a prototype for a generally usable standard for behavioral coding systems in birds, or for the members of other taxa. “Every organism has certain characteristic ways of acting, which are conditioned largely by its bodily structure, and which limit its action under all sorts of conditions … It is usually possible to determine with some approach to completeness the various movements which a given organism has at command. These form as a rule a coordinated system, which we have called … the action system.” H. S. Jennings, 1906, p. 300. Zusammenfassung Für viele Tierarten gibt es Teil‐Ethogramme, meist mit einem bestimmten Ziel zusammengestellt. Bis jetzt fehlt ein allgemein annehmbares Format, das eine standardisierte Kodierung und spätere quantitative taxonomische Vergleiche erlaubt. Nachdem wir die einschlägigen Veröffentlichungen kritisch untersucht hatten (das Referat ist nicht in dieser Arbeit enthalten), haben wir ein Format für die Kodierung und Beschreibung visueller Verhaltensmuster entworfen und es am Ethogramm der Zwergwachtel erprobt und verfeinert. Wir legen hier eine Beschreibung der 60 häufigsten visuellen Verhaltensmuster vor, kodiert durch den Zustand von 17 verschiedenen Merkmalsvariablen, wobei jede Variable jeweils einen von nur zwei oder drei verschiedenen Zuständen annehmen kann und Orientierungs‐Zustands‐Variable in bezug auf die Achsen eines 26seitigen Körpers kodiert sind. Zusätzlich wurde jedes Verhaltensmuster in einer Zeichnung des Vogels in der charakteristischen Körperstellung dargestellt. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, auf die dringliche Notwendigkeit hinzuweisen, eine allgemeine Standardisierung für die Beschreibung von Verhalten einzuführen, wenn die Idee einer “Vergleichenden Verhaltensforschung” nicht zur leeren Phrase werden soll. Das hier vorgelegte Ethogramm möge als Kristallisationskern für zukünftige Diskussionen dienen, viel...

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Mysteries, of their very nature, are not penetrable to human reason. This does not mean, however, that the Catholic theologian may not, under the protective direction of the Church, reason philosophically upon the revealed mystery, with a view to bringing into sharper focus the grandeur-and to a limited degree-the reasonableness of the truth contained in the mystery. It is thus that Catholic theologians approach the mystery of the Hypostatic Union. The dogma must remain in its integrity: the Word of God exists according to two natures, the human and the divine. The mystery remains unsolved: God is Man, and Man is God; the Word is His Deity, but is not His humanity; 1 the theandric composite is perfect Man, but is not a human person. Provided these truths be safeguarded, the Church encourages theological and philosophical speculation concerning this august mystery of faith.In this connection, most theologians begin with what they hold to be the formal constituent of person as based upon philosophical principles. Then, in treating the Hypostatic Union, they largely devote their time to showing how, according to their definition of the formal constituent of person, the human nature of Christ lacks human personality.Pere de la Taille does not approach the problem in this way. His attention is directed almost wholly to the Union qua union; to what a union really is; to what makes possible a union of the substantial order between the humanity and the Word; to what happens to the humanity in the union itself.De la Taille builds his theory on the doctrine of act and potency. He does so because, in the Hypostatic Union, he can not but see "the possession of the Divinity by a creature." 2 And, for this possession, he sees the need of an antecedent potency and of an actuation of this potencyall this, that the possession may be real and that every trace of quasijuxtaposition of the two natures be eliminated.The article in the Kecherches begins thus: "By the word actuation one does not necessarily mean information." 3 This is certainly one of the most important ideas in the theory. "By act," says Pere de la Taille, "we mean that which is in a being for the purpose of determining it to a certain essential perfection, or to the having of a perfection super-1 St. Thomas, Sum. Theol, III*, q. 3, art. 7, ad 3 m . 2 Maurice de la Taille, S.J., "Entretien Amical d'Eudoxe et de Palamede", Ketme Apolagetique, 48 (1929), p. 23. (Our translation throughout.) 3 Maurice de la Taille, S.J., "Actuation Creee par Acte Incre6", Bjcbercbes de Science Reltgieuse, xViii (1929), p. 252. Quotations are taken from this article unless otherwise noted.

BOOK REVIEWS 481 fundamental principle of intelligibility in theology: the relation of the mysteries to one another. The author, since the publication of his monumental work De sacraméntele heilseconomie, has exercised considerable influence in the field of sacramental theology. As yet this volume has not been translated. However, some of his articles published in German and French as well as numerous references to his work have made S. well known even to those unacquainted with the Dutch language. In this present work S. sets down the main themes of the promised second volume of De sacraméntele heilseconomie. (For those interested, a synthesis of the same type, but much briefer, may be found in the author's "Sakramente als Organe der Gottbegegnung," in Fragen der Theologie heute, edd. J. Feiner, J. Trütsch, and F. Böckle [Einsiedeln, 1957] 379-401.) Because of the extremely dense synthesis and S.'s personal, ingenious style, the theological reflections offered here will not be easily digested. Yet the effort will be amply rewarded. A. Kerkvoorde, O.S.B., has shown considerable care in rendering faithfully the thought and style of the author; he deserves the gratitude of all who would otherwise have only indirect contact with the thought of this truly outstanding theologian.