A b s t r a c tMethotrexate inhibits tetrahydrofolic acid production and influences mitochondrial oxygen uptake and activity of several enzymes in the respiratory chain reactions, which utilize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked (NAD-linked) substrates. Hyperproliferation of keratinocytes in psoriasis requires oxidative phosphorylation, in which the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is an electron donor. One hypothesis links increased cellular metabolism to the increased NADH/NAD + ratio; as expected, the topical application of NAD + (oxidized form of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide) resulted in a clinical improvement of psoriatic lesions in one study. Nevertheless, another report revealed reduced fluorescence of NADH in psoriatic plaques. The biological activity of NADH is not limited only to serving as the electron donor. It was also found to regulate gene transcription.
Introduction. Medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy is a widely used method in treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis. There are suggestions that UVA1 can decrease cutaneous production of vitamin D via photodegradation. Objective. To determine whether a medium dose of UVA1 phototherapy decreases serum concentration of vitamin D in patients with atopic dermatitis. Material and methods. The study included 21 patients with atopic dermatitis. A serum concentration of calcidiol (25(OH)D) was measured at the start and end of 20-day medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy: one exposure daily from Monday to Friday, with increasing doses of 10 J/cm 2 , 20 J/cm 2 , 30 J/cm 2 and 45 J/cm 2. Results. Phototherapy with UVA1 significantly reduced the SCORAD index (p < 0.001), extent of skin lesions (p < 0.001) and subjective symptoms (p < 0.001). A serum concentration of 25(OH)D negatively correlated with the SCORAD index before UVA1 phototherapy (r =-0.57; p < 0.05). The serum concentration of 25(OH)D did not differ before and during the course of phototherapy. The recommended level of vitamin D before UVA1 phototherapy was found in 5 (23.8%) patients, whereas insufficiency in 4 (19%) and deficiency in 12 (57.2%) patients with atopic dermatitis. Conclusions. A medium dose of UVA1 phototherapy does not diminish the serum concentration of 25(OH)D in patients with atopic dermatitis. There is a need for further research on a larger group of individuals to confirm these findings. streszczenie Wprowadzenie. Fototerapia średnimi dawkami UVA1 jest powszechnie przyjętą metodą leczenia chorych na atopowe zapalenie skóry. Istnieją sugestie, że promieniowanie UVA1 może zmniejszać stężenie witaminy D w skórze wskutek fotodegradacji. Cel pracy. Określenie, czy fototerapia średnimi dawkami UVA1 zmniejsza stężenie witaminy D w surowicy chorych na atopowe zapalenie skóry. Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 21 chorych na atopowe zapalenie skóry. Oznaczono stężenie kalcydiolu (25(OH)D) w surowicy przed
Introduction. A hemophagocytic syndrome is a life-threatening disorder, which develops as a result of the activation of macrophages. It may be divided into two distinct types. A primary hemophagocytic syndrome is caused by genetic mutations while secondary may occur in the course of infections, malignancies, or autoimmune disorders. When constituting a complication of autoimmune diseases, the hemophagocytic syndrome is commonly referred to as macrophage activation syndrome. Objective. We report a case of secondary hemophagocytic syndrome in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus to draw attention to this condition, which may often be under-diagnosed in patients with autoimmune disorders. Case report. A 27-year-old woman was admitted to the Department of Dermatology with symptoms resembling an exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus. The hemophagocytic syndrome was diagnosed by clinical manifestation, i.e., fever, hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirate, neutropenia, increased ferritin level, and hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusions. Hemophagocytic syndrome should be taken into consideration in systemic lupus erythematosus patients as it can mimic an acute flare of the disease. stREsZCZEniE Wprowadzenie. Zespół hemofagocytarny jest zagrażającą życiu chorobą, która rozwija się w następstwie aktywacji makrofagów. Istnieją dwa typy tego schorzenia. Przyczyną pierwotnego zespołu hemofagocytarnego są mutacje genetyczne, natomiast wtórny zespół hemofagocytarny może wystąpić w przebiegu zakażeń, nowotworów złośliwych lub schorzeń autoimmunologicznych. W ostatnim wymienionym przypadku zespół hemofagocytarny określany jest często mianem zespołu aktywacji makrofagów. Cel pracy. Przedstawiono przypadek wtórnego zespołu hemofagocytarnego w przebiegu tocznia rumieniowatego układowego, aby zwrócić uwagę na to powikłanie, które często pozostaje nierozpoznane u pacjentów z chorobami autoimmunologicznymi.
Narrow band (311 nm) UVB phototherapy is established treatment for psoriasis. DNA is a target for UVB via formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, which trigger loss of dendritic cells and macrophages, and inhibit CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. UV causes the formation of thymine dimers, which activate nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The fact that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase utilizes nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) explains NAD decreases after UV irradiation. NADH regulates transcriptional repressor carboxyl-terminal binding protein, whereas NAD(+) is a co-substrate in deacylation reactions, engaged in genomic silencing. Hyperproliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes requires NADH during oxidative phosphorylation. In one study the NADH fluorescence (reflecting NADH amount) was reduced in psoriatic lesions. NAD(+) used topically was as effective as 0.1% anthralin. Spectrophotometry enables real-time measurements of NADH fluorescence in vivo in the epidermis and points out a new direction for application of biophysics in medicine. streszczenie Fototerapia wąskim pasmem UVB (311 nm) jest uznaną metodą leczenia łuszczycy. Molekularnym punktem uchwytu fototerapii UVB jest DNA poprzez tworzenie się dimerów cyklobutanopirymidynowych, które wyzwalają utratę komórek dendrytycznych i makrofagów oraz hamują komórki CD4+ i CD8+. Promieniowanie UV powoduje wytwarzanie dimerów tymidynowych aktywujących jądrową polimerazę poli(ADP-rybozy) (PARP). Zużywanie przez PARP dinukleotydów nikotynoamidoadeninowych (NAD) wyjaśnia zjawisko zmniejszania się zawartości NAD po naświetlaniu UV. NADH reguluje represorowe białko transkrypcji wiążące koniec karboksylowy, natomiast NAD(+) służy jako kosubstrat w reakcjach deacylacji, które mają udział w wyciszaniu genomu. Hiperproliferacja keratynocytów w łuszczycy wymaga zużywania NADH podczas fosforylacji oksydacyjnej. W jednym z badań stwierdzono obniżoną fluorescencję NADH (odzwierciedlającą zawartość NADH) w zmianach łuszczycowych. Stwierdzono, że NAD(+) stosowany miejscowo jest równie skuteczny co 0,1% antralina. Spektrofotometria umożliwia pomiar fluorescencji NADH w naskórku
Introduction. The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis includes genetic predisposition, epidermal barrier dysfunction, immunologic abnormalities and increased immunoglobulin E levels in some of the patients. Objective. Determination the allergen-specific immunoglobulin E level and serum interleukin-33 concentration in patients with atopic dermatitis. Material and methods. The study included 62 patients with atopic dermatitis at the mean age of 30.4 ±11.6 years. Clinical eveluation of the SCORAD index and the objective SCORAD (oSCORAD) was performed. Serum samples were analyzed for immunoglobulin E specific allergy using immunoblot kits for 21 allergens of atopy. Serum concentration of interleukin-33 was examined by ELISA. Results. The SCORAD index was higher (p < 0.05) in atopic dermatitis patients with immunoglobulin E specific to birch, dog fur, horse fur, Cladosporium herbarum, egg white, hazelnut, carrot, and potato than in those without such allergen-specific immunoglobulin E. Objective SCORAD was increased (p < 0.05) in atopic dermatitis patients with immunoglobulin E specific to birch, dog fur, Cladosporium herbarum, egg white, hazelnut, carrot, and potato in comparison to those without such allergen-specific immunoglobulin E. Mean serum concentration of interleukin-33 in patients with atopic dermatitis was 4.9 ±8.12 pg/ml. Serum interleukin-33 level did not correlate with such clinical parameters as the extent of skin lesions, pruritus, sleep disorders, SCORAD index and objective SCORAD. Interleukin-33 level was not higher in atopic dermatitis patients with immunoglobulin E specific to any examined antigen in comparison to those without such immunoglobulin E. Conclusions. Our study suggests that interleukin-33 is not a reliable marker of activity in atopic dermatitis. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. StRESzczEniE Wprowadzenie. Patogeneza atopowego zapalenia skóry obejmuje predyspozycje genetyczne, dysfunkcję bariery naskórkowej, nieprawidłowości immunologiczne oraz podwyższony poziom immunoglobulin E u części pacjentów.
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