We investigate the relationships between strongly extreme, complex extreme, and complex locally uniformly rotund points of the unit ball of a symmetric function space or a symmetric sequence space E, and of the unit ball of the space E(M, τ) of τ-measurable operators associated to a semifinite von Neumann algebra (M, τ) or of the unit ball in the unitary matrix space CE. We prove that strongly extreme, complex extreme, and complex locally uniformly rotund points x of the unit ball of the symmetric space E(M, τ) inherit these properties from their singular value function µ(x) in the unit ball of E with additional necessary requirements on x in the case of complex extreme points. We also obtain the full converse statements for the von Neumann algebra M with a faithful, normal, σ-finite trace τ as well as for the unitary matrix space CE. Consequently, corresponding results on the global properties such as midpoint local uniform rotundity, complex rotundity and complex local uniform rotundity follow.

One-electron reduction significantly enhances the ability of anthralin, 1, to act as a hydrogen atom donor. On annealing of an MTHF glass in which the radical anion of anthralin, 1 •-, is generated radiolytically, this species decays mainly by loss of H • to give the anthralyl anion, 2 -. On the other hand, radicals formed on radiolysis of matrices that are suitable for the generation of radical anions or cations are capable to abstract H• from anthralin to give the anthralyl radical, 2 • . Both 2 -and 2 • are obtained simultaneously by mesolytic cleavage of the radical anion of the anthralin dimer. Contrary to general assumptions, the anthralyl radical is found to be much more reactive toward oxygen than the anion. All intermediates are characterized spectroscopically and by reference to quantum chemical calculations. Attempts to generate the radical cation of anthralin by X-irradiation of an Ar matrix containing anthralin led also to significant formation of its radical anion, i.e., anthralin acts apparently as an efficient electron trap in such experiments.

We investigate the relationships between smooth and strongly smooth points of the unit ball of an order continuous symmetric function space E, and of the unit ball of the space of τ -measurable operators E(M, τ ) associated to a semifinite von Neumann algebra (M, τ ). We prove that x is a smooth point of the unit ball in E(M, τ ) if and only if the decreasing rearrangement μ(x) of the operator x is a smooth point of the unit ball in E, and either μ(∞; f ) = 0, for the function f ∈ S E × supporting μ(x), or s(x * ) = 1. Under the assumption that the trace τ on M is σ -finite, we show that x is strongly smooth point of the unit ball in E(M, τ ) if and only if its decreasing rearrangement μ(x) is a strongly smooth point of the unit ball in E. Consequently, for a symmetric function space E, we obtain corresponding relations between smoothness or strong smoothness of the function f and its decreasing rearrangement μ( f ). Finally, under suitable assumptions, we state results relating the global properties such as smoothness and Fréchet smoothness of the spaces E and E(M, τ ).

The inversion of the keto-enol stability order of dialuric acid on ionization was calculated and verified experimentally. The radical cations in both forms were characterized. The spectrum of the keto form was observed upon direct ionization of dialuric acid under matrix conditions, whereas the enol form was formed upon a sequential electron-proton-proton attachment to alloxan under acidic aqueous condition. Facilitation of the one-electron oxidation of dialuric acid upon its enolization can result in a more effective formation of superoxide radical anion in the process of its auto-oxidation. This process is discussed in reference to the alloxan diabetogenic action. Both neutral keto and enol forms are energetically close, and under favorable conditions, the auto-oxidation of dialuric acid could involve participation of the enol form.

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