One of the goals of the 5G Communication Automotive Research and innovation (5GCAR) project has been to evaluate and propose system architecture enhancements aiming at supporting the strict requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases. In this paper, we provide an overview of 3GPP 5G system architecture, which is used as a baseline architecture in the project, and we present the main architectural enhancements introduced by 5GCAR. The work of the project focused on the following categories: (i) end-to-end security, also including aspects of privacy; (ii) network orchestration and management; (iii) network procedures; (iv) edge computing enhancements; and (v) multi-connectivity cooperation. The enhancements introduced by 5GCAR to above-listed categories are discussed in this paper, while a more detailed analysis of some selected features is presented.

The emerging Cloud-RAN architecture within the fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks plays a vital role in enabling higher flexibility and granularity. On the other hand, Cloud-RAN architecture introduces an additional link between the central, cloudified unit and the distributed radio unit, namely fronthaul (FH). Therefore, the foreseen reliability and latency for 5G services should also be provisioned over the FH link. In this paper, focusing on Ethernet as FH, we present a reliable packetbased FH communication and demonstrate the upper and lower bounds of latency that can be offered. These bounds yield insights into the trade-off between reliability and latency, and enable the architecture design through choice of splitting point, focusing on high layer split between PDCP and RLC and low layer split between MAC and PHY, under different FH bandwidth and traffic properties. Presented model is then analyzed both numerically and through simulation, with two classes of 5G services that are ultra reliable low latency (URLL) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB).

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In the forthcoming era of the Tactile Internet, haptic communication is foreseen as one of its major use cases with impact in manufacturing, healthcare, education, as well as the service industry. Recent efforts in networking attempt to meet the requirements of such use cases providing the latency and reliability for bilateral teleoperation, the main component of haptic communication. However, the impact of changes in latency on bilateral teleoperation system performance varies among different control schemes and is dependent on the application domain. Furthermore, while recent efforts to reduce latency in wireless communication with tailored configurations have been successful, an increasing number of haptic communication flows could potentially compete when sharing network resources. In this paper, we provide a tractable model for teleoperation system performance that captures the impact of latency on different performance criteria. We then use this performance model to shape queuing prioritisation of different traffic flows. The proposed framework considers the requirements of high and low priority flows to suggest the best possible control scheme option to be used by the high priority one and at the same time keep the impact of the network scheduling discipline on the low priority one at minimum.

While new mechanisms and configurations of the 5G radio are offering step forward in delivery of ultra-reliable low latency communication services in general, and haptic communications in particular, they could inversely impact the remainder of traffic services. In this paper, we investigate the uplink access procedure, how different advances in this procedure enhance delivery of haptic communication, and how it affects the remainder of traffic services in the network. We model this impact as the remainder of service, using stochastic network calculus. Our results show how best the tradeoff between faster or more resource efficient uplink access can be made depending on the rate of haptic data, which is directly relevant to the application domain of haptic communication.