Bi-potential neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) produce both neural and paraxial mesodermal progenitors in the trunk and tail during vertebrate body elongation. We show that Sall4, a pluripotency-related transcription factor gene, has multiple roles in regulating NMPs and their descendants in post-gastrulation mouse embryos. Sall4 deletion using TCre caused body/tail truncation, reminiscent of early depletion of NMPs, suggesting a role of Sall4 in NMP maintenance. This phenotype became significant at the time of the trunk-to-tail transition, suggesting that Sall4 maintenance of NMPs enables tail formation. Sall4 mutants exhibit expanded neural and reduced mesodermal tissues, indicating a role of Sall4 in NMP differentiation balance. Mechanistically, we show that Sall4 promotion of WNT/β-catenin signaling contributes to NMP maintenance and differentiation balance. RNA-Seq and SALL4 ChIP-Seq analyses support the notion that Sall4 regulates both mesodermal and neural development. Furthermore, in the mesodermal compartment, genes regulating presomitic mesoderm differentiation are downregulated in Sall4 mutants. In the neural compartment, we show that differentiation of NMPs towards post-mitotic neuron is accelerated in Sall4 mutants. Our results collectively provide evidence supporting the role of Sall4 in regulating NMPs and their descendants.

Background Hairdressers and barbers are among the top occupations to develop occupationally related nickel allergy. While nickel release has previously been detected in metal items in the hairdressing trade, metal items in the barber trade have not been specifically tested. This study screened for nickel release from metal tools in United States barber trade.Methods One hundred ninety-two metal tools from 12 barbershops in St. Paul, Minnesota, were tested with dimethylglyoxime test. An employee survey was conducted about each metal tool. Results Nickel release was detected in 10 of 192 metal tools (5.2%). Items with nickel release included one of 57 scissors (1.7%), one of 32 trimmers (3.1%), four of 13 barbershop chairs (30.8%), three of six cape clips, and one of one nail clippers.Conclusions Nickel release was detected in items unique to the barber trade. These items should be considered when preventing and assessing occupational nickel allergy in barbers. Hair clips, tail combs, tweezers 21/229 9.2 Symanzik et al. 2021 8 Scissors, hair sectioning clip, hair clip, hair rollers, tail combs, tweezers, straight razors, whisks, hand showers, crochet hooks Hair clips, hair sectioning clips, tail combs, tweezers, straight razors, crochet hooks 131/475 27.6 Present study Scissors, trimmer, clipper, razors, barbershop chairs, tweezers, shavers, airbrushes, cape clips, combs, lancets, nail clipper, easel, hair dryer Scissors, trimmers, barbershop chairs, cape clips, nail clippers 10/192 5.2 DMG, dimethylglyoxime.

acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, case report, patch test, transdermal ketoprofen patch Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is considered a severe, type IVd cutaneous adverse drug reaction. 1 Ketoprofen is well known to induce photo (-aggravated) allergic contact dermatitis. 2 To the best of our knowledge, AGEP due to a transdermal ketoprofen patch has never been reported before.