No abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of multidrug-resistant, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella spp. isolated from conveyor belts of broiler cutting rooms in Brazilian broiler processing plants. Ninety-eight strains of Salmonella spp. were analyzed. Multidrug resistance was determined by the disk diffusion test and the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria was evaluated against 18 antimicrobials from seven different classes. The double disk diffusion test was used to evaluate ESBL production. Of the 98 strains tested, 84 were multidrug resistant. The highest rates of resistance were against nalidixic acid (95%), tetracycline (91%), and the beta-lactams: ampicillin and cefachlor (45%), followed by streptomycin and gentamicin with 19% and 15% of strain resistance, respectively. By contrast, 97% of the strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol. 45% of the strains were positive for the presence of ESBL activity. In this study, high rates of multidrug resistance and ESBL production were observed in Salmonella spp.

No abstract

The aims of this study were to analyze the biofilm-producing ability of 98 strains isolated from different surface materials in poultry cutting rooms; to assess the presence of the most important to Salmonella biofilm formation genes adrA and csgD in these strains; and to evaluate the tolerance biofilms formed in polypropylene and polyurethane slides to sanitizers commonly used in the industry. Viable cells were removed from the slides soon after treatment with sanitizers, and then submitted to reincubation for a new count. Only one strain was a strong biofilm-producer in polystyrene; 70% of strains were weak, and 29% were moderate producers. Both genes were found in all strains. There were differences in adhesion to polypropylene and polyurethane, and scanning electron microscopy showed that polyurethane surface was more irregular. No viable cells were recovered in polypropylene slides treated with sanitizers; in polyurethane, reduction in viable cell counts soon after sanitizer treatment was enough to consider that sanitizers were efficient. On the other hand, treatment with peracetic acid was not considered efficient. Results of this study should be considered a food safety warning, due to the importance of the biofilmproducing ability both in vitro and in real poultry processing plants.

ObjectiveThe objective was to characterize the fermentative and microbiological profile of Tifton 85 bermudagrass haylage with different layers of polyethylene film and storage time.MethodsThe experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with four and six wrapping layers (100 and 150 microns in total. respectively) allocated in the main plots, through repeated measures analysis (30, 60, and 90 days of storage) with four replicates.ResultsThe storage time and number of wrapping layers did not show changes in the population of Clostridium and lactic acid bacteria. A decrease was observed in the enterobacteria population with an increase in the storage period in the two wrapping layers studied. Upon opening of the haylage at 30 days, the population of Bacillus was lower in haylages made with six layers of wrapping (3.63 log colony forming units/g). No growth of Listeria sp. or Salmonella sp. was observed during the experimental period. The fungal genera with a greater occurrence were Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The following mycotoxins were not detected: ochratoxin A, fumonisins, and zearalenone. Relative to the organic butyric, propionic, and acetic acids, the haylages presented a low concentration of lactic acid; this may have prevented a drop in the pH, which was high when the silos were opened (5.4). The levels of ammoniacal nitrogen and soluble carbohydrates presented no variation among the number of wrapping layers, with an overall average of 35.55 and 38.04 g/kg.ConclusionTifton 85 bermudagrass haylage wrapped with four and six layers presented adequate fermentation and microbiological characteristics in the evaluated periods.