This study uses the Wilcoxon's signed ranks test to identify the effect of the Covid‐19 outbreak on the stocks returns of companies listed on the West African Economic and Monetary Union's (WAEMU) stock market by considering two event dates (January 23, 2020 and March 2, 2020). To account for the temporal volatility in the event approach, the study resort to a GARCH model. Empirical findings suggest that January 23, 2020 event (first case of death due to Covid‐19 in China) have had a minor impact on the WAEMU stock market while the event on March 2, 2020 (first case of Covid‐19 in the WAEMU) strongly affected the financial market. This negative impact is much more pronounced for the distribution sectors (−34.16%). Robustness analysis reveals that the main information leading to disruption on the market is the weekly death cases and not the confirmed cases. In addition, government anti‐Covid‐19 measures such as social distancing and governance positively affect the stock return whereas lockdown, public health measures and movement restrictions contribute to a decline in the stock's price.
La recherche porte sur l’intégration des femmes dans les instances de gouvernance d’entreprise en France. Ses objectifs sont d’analyser les facteurs participant à la promotion des femmes dans ces instances et d’examiner si la position qui leur est réservée permet de valoriser leurs compétences dans le processus de décision du conseil. L’étude empirique porte sur un échantillon de 1741 administrateurs dont 140 femmes et concerne 147 sociétés de l’indice SBF250. Les résultats montrent que les femmes apportent des ressources distinctives au conseil d’administration. La diversité du genre parait ainsi apporter du « sang nouveau » à la composition du conseil.Focusing on gender issues, this paper investigates corporate governance structure in the French context. First, we analyze each female board members’ background and, second we examine their position vs decision making in the board. Using a logistic regression model, we conducted this research based on a sample of 1741 board members from 147 listed companies of SBF 250 which includes 140 females. The results show that women bring distinctive resources and skills to the board of directors. Gender diversity thus provides the “new blood” to board composition.La investigación se centra en la integración de las mujeres en los órganos de gobierno de las empresas en Francia. Sus objetivos son analizar los factores que intervienen en la promoción de las mujeres en estos órganos y examinar si su posición les permite participar en las decisiones y desarrollar sus competencias. El estudio empírico se basa en aproximadamente 1741 administradores, de los cuales 140 son mujeres, y concierne a 147 empresas que cotizan en el índice SBF 250. Los resultados muestran que las mujeres aportan recursos distintivos y habilidades para el consejo de administración. Por tanto, la diversidad de género proporciona la “sangre nueva” a bordo de composició
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