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<div>This letter presents a reduced, electrically equivalent model of the IEEE European Low Voltage Test Feeder for use in distribution network studies. The original test feeder is made up of 906 buses, of which only 55 have loads connected. This work proposes an equivalent 116 bus network which accurately represents all of the characteristics of the original test feeder, but significantly reduces the computational effort required when applied in a range of distribution system applications. The model reduction technique applied is explained in detail, and the performance of the modified network is tested under a wide range of network loading conditions. The analysis in this letter demonstrates that the modified 116 bus network produces identical results with 80% less computation time when compared to the original 906 bus network. The full data set for the modified network is provided on IEEE Dataport. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.21227/0d2n-j565.</div>

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The monitoring and control of power distribution systems requires an accurate and stable time synchronization infrastructure. The major requirement for a time synchronization system is sharing a global time throughout the network. This article provides an overview of the synchronization techniques implemented in power distribution systems. The implementation of different techniques for time synchronization due to heterogeneous communication infrastructure creates various challenges in the system. Therefore, this article aims to propose a homogeneous, uniform approach for a network-based synchronization mechanism in or to implement multiple distribution system applications. For this purpose, the precision time protocol (PTP), IEEE 1588, is tested experimentally for various time criticality with an Ethernet-based communication network. The testbed uses single board computers to explore different criticality of the timestampings for IEEE 1588 (PTP) to determine how various applications need different type of timestamping depending upon the performance, cost, and accuracy requirements. These different levels of timestamping requirements for synchronization affect the performance of a range of nextgeneration distribution system applications. The proposed solution provides monitoring for each application using only a single time synchronization technique with an Ethernet-based network.