We present a preterm infant who developed a fever and mild respiratory disease on the second day of life. Infant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nasopharyngeal testing was positive at 24 and 48 hours of life. Placenta histopathology revealed SARS-CoV-2 infection by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Further understanding of the risk factors that lead to in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection is needed.

Dr Smithhart conceptualized and designed the study, merged the spreadsheets of the 2 databases, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript; Drs Wyckoff, Jaleel, Kapadia, Nelson, and Kakkilaya conceptualized and designed the study; Mr Brown conducted statistical analyses; Dr Brion conceptualized and designed the study and conducted statistical analyses; and all authors participated in the interpretation of the data, critically reviewed the revisions, approved the final manuscript as submitted, and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

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Avoiding delivery room intubation (DRI) and stabilization of preterm infants on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). 1-3 The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) suggests that spontaneously breathing preterm infants with respiratory distress may be supported with CPAP. 4 However, the majority of extremely low gestational age (GA) neonates receive face mask positive pressure ventilation (Fm-PPV) in the delivery room (DR). 5-7 Inadequate Fm-PPV during these crucial initial minutes after birth may result in persistent hypoxia and bradycardia, necessitating emergent intubation. Airway obstruction 8-10 and mask leak 9, 10 are common during Fm-PPV. The NRP recommends certain steps (mask seal, repositioning head, suction, open mouth, and increase pressure [MRSOP]) to optimize Fm-PPV before resorting to intubation. 11, 12 In addition, the use of colorimetric end-tidal

Early and rapid detection of the causative organism is necessary in tuberculosis, particularly tuberculous meningitis, as the disease affects mainly children and if untreated or improperly treated can cause severe central nervous system disorders and can often be fatal. An in-house-developed PCR technique was developed for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA, in which the target for amplification was a 340 bp nucleotide sequence located within the 38 kDa protein gene. The test can detect as small an amount of DNA as 10 fg, which is equivalent to two to three organisms, and is highly specific. Amplified product was detected by ethidium bromide staining after electrophoresis and Southern hybridization. Evaluation of test sensitivity and specificity was carried out using acid-fast bacilli-positive sputum samples from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and an equal number of non-tuberculosis patient samples as negative controls. In a double-masked study 30 cerebrospinal fluid samples from tuberculous meningitis patients and 30 samples from nontuberculous meningitis patients were investigated. Out of the 30 samples 22 were positive by ethidium bromide-stained gel electrophoresis and 27 gave positive results by Southern hybridization. All of the 30 control samples showed negative results. The sensitivity of this PCR was 90 % and specificity, 100 %.