Background and objectives: Adipose tissue is an abundant and easily accessible tissue for obtaining multipotent stem cells that harbor similar phenotypes to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of adiposederived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) on repairing the aspirin-induced gastric ulcer (GU). Materials and Methods: The gastric ulcer in rats was induced by oral dose of 100 mg/kg aspirin for 3 days. AD-MSCs isolated from male rats were transplanted into female rats via tail vein injection. Healing of the GU was monitored histologically. Homing of the in vivo administration of MSCs was assessed by PCR detection of SRY gene and immunohistochemical detection of CD44 in gastric mucosa. Results: At 72 hours after AD-MSCs transplantation, there was complete restoration of the fundic glands with marked reduction in inflammatory cellular infiltrate and a significant increase in the mean value of optical density of PAS positive area (P < 0.05). The mean number of CD44 positive cells in the gastric mucosa was significantly increased (P < 0.05). SRY-specific gene of Y chromosome was detected in female rat gastric mucosa. Conclusions: In vivo transplantation of AD-MSCs accelerate healing of GU in a rat model of gastric injury.