This review of literature article looks at the background and historical development of blended learning as a concept. It critically evaluates different definitions of blended learning proposed by different researchers, and examines how they evolved over the years. Based on the earlier definitions and the current context, the article comes up with a new one. It also views the role and importance of blended learning during Covid-19. Furthermore, it examines different types of blended learning. Finally, it looks at its different components and how they may be used in the teaching-learning process.

Academic capitalism invading higher education is considered alarming in literature. This research aims to bring about the factual picture of the neoliberal approach adopted by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) within its delimitations. The research was deductive in nature and followed a Phenomenology research design. The sample comprised thirty-two (32) participants. Data were collected through interviews and document analysis. Thematic analysis technique was used to identify Seventeen (17) sub-themes and Four (4) major themes. The research concludes that the neoliberal approach is adapted by HEC considering its need of the hour for the development of research. Yet, it is not much appreciated by the administrative and academic heads. The reason remains the nonproductive check and balance process and weak feedback loop. Leadership trainings may be conducted to emphasize the importance of higher education as a philosophy of life, not as a commodity of life, to blend social justice with market ideologies.

Differentiation strategies face higher uncertainty and dynamism because of design and functionality of their service in higher education. This is closely related with contextual knowledge and neoliberal approach. Researchers provide the contextual knowledge of neoliberal approach in Pakistan and state of social justice regarding higher education in the country. Neoliberal approach in education has been identified as a new trend in developing countries. Business approach in education has started treating education as a commodity and students as a costumer. Knowledge-based economy is one of the strongest factors influencing the neoliberal approach in higher education. There are certain circumstances for adaptation of this approach in higher education; however, the intellectual community needs to be aware of the pros of this approach. Humanitarian approach need to be taken care of by the government bodies in higher education. Ethical and leadership programs based on agile management may be helpful for faculty members to reduce social injustice through their teaching approach.