Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontium characterized by increased pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, sulcular bleeding, and bone loss. Bacterial plaque bio-film stimulates host derived enzymes and cytokines like TNF , IL-1 and matrix metalloproteases that lead to destruction of periodontium, collagenolytic activity, decreased bone mineral density, intra-bony defects and ultimately bone loss. Chronic periodontitis is managed by conventional and systemic approach, where conventional therapy comprises of scaling and root planning. Mechanical debridement of plaque also requires an adjunct to eradicate the root cause of progressing disease. Hence, worldwide paradigm has shifted towards novel therapies; therefore, local delivery of drug is now preferred due to direct access to target sites with considerably less adverse effects and a better approach to deal with chronic periodontitis. The nano-particle technology to treat periodontitis is still an emerging and promising strategy for the management of disease with the provision of minimal dose, less invasive procedure and clinical efficacy.

Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of Pioglita zone and Metformin on anthropometric, metabolic and endocrine variables in PCOS. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was executed at Pharmacology Department of Bahria University Medical and Dental College in collaboration with Mamji Hospital Karachi from September 2018 to March 2019. Eighty PCOS infertile patients as per Rotterdam 2003 criteria,aged 20-40 years were enrolled. They were divided into two groups of 40 patients each by using computer generated numbers. All patients had fasting insulin levels of >9 μU/mL, serum glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl and suffering from oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea. Group A received Tablet Pioglitazone 30 mg once daily and group B was given tablet Metformin 500 mg for three months along with lifestyle changes. Results: Sixty-one participants completed the study. Anthropometric variables included weight, BMI and W/H ratio. Metformin treated group reduced more weight and BMI as compared to Pioglitazone. Metabolic variables included glycaemic indices, lipid profile and hs-CRP estimation. Pioglitazone group improved glycaemic indices more compared to Metformin. Serum progesterone level was significantly increased in Pioglitazone group (5.20±1.18) than Metformin group. Pioglitazone produced more ovulation in comparison to Metformin. Hence it is proved that it is better option in those patients who are unable to tolerate Metformin and cannot continue treatment for infertility. Conclusion: Pioglitazone group produced highly significant increase in serum progesterone level indicating ovulation and improved insulin resistance than the metformin group. Keywords: Female infertility, ovulation induction, Metformin, Pioglitazone, polycystic ovarian syndrome

Objective: To assess hepatoprotective effect of Tecomella Undulata bark extract on acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats as compared to N-Acetylcysteine. Study Design: Experimental Comparative Study. Setting: Bahria University Medical & Dental College Karachi in collaboration with Basic Medical Sciences Institute Karachi. Period: March 2020 till August 2020. Material & Method: Study included 56 Albino rats divided in four groups with 14 animals in each group. Group A was control, Group B was induced hepatotoxicity by giving Acetaminophen 500 mg as a single dose, Group C was given N–Acetylcysteine 140mg/kg intraperitoneally for 6 days and Group D was given Tecomella bark extract 200mg/kg for 15 days after acetaminophen induced liver damage. Their blood samples were collected and sent for hepatic enzyme levels. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. One way ANOVA was applied. For multiple comparison post hoc tukey’s test was used. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Result: The mean Serum AST, ALT and ALP levels were increased in Group-B, however, Group-D showed significant reduction in hepatic enzyme levels as compared to Group-C. Tecomella bark extract showed hepatoprotective effect by reducing hepatic enzyme levels in acetaminophen induced hepatic damage in albino rats. Conclusion: Thus Tecomella plant extract could act as an alternative antidote to N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen induced hepatic damage in albino rats.