Eggplant or brinjal is an important crop of many countries. It is highly productive crop and consumed as a cooked vegetable in various ways. It is a hardy annual herbaceous plant. There is a lot of variability exists in the nature in color, shape, size, etc. A number of cultivars are grown across the globe depending on the market needs and consumer preference. Different worker in terms of yield, maturity, uniform harvest, etc., has showed considerable amount of heterosis. Eggplant is attacked by many insect pests and diseases like Shoot and fruit borer, Epilachna beetle, Damping off, Phomopsis blight, Leaf spot, Wilt, Little leaf, Fruit rot, Collar rot, etc. Some varieties tolerant/resistant to different biotic and abiotic stresses are developed. Further work on resistance breeding is of much importance in this regard. Hybrids are also popular in this crop. In some countries, F2 are also being marketed by different companies. The flowers of eggplant are large and showy with the corolla purple in color. Flowers are hermaphrodite. The hybrid seed production is based on hand emasculation and hand pollination. For this A. S. Sidhu, S. S. Bal, and Mamta Rani are affiliated with the Department of Vegetable Crops, Downloaded by [The University of Manchester Library] at 07:25 03 December 2014we need honest and skilled manpower and we have to take utmost care while undertaking the seed production program.
Fipronil belongs to phenylpyrazole class of chemical compounds. Degradation of fipronil in sandy loam soil was investigated under field conditions by applying fipronil (Regent 5 % SC) at 50 (T 1) and 100 g a.i. ha(-1) (T 2) in field. Samples were drawn periodically in triplicate on 0 (1 h after treatment), 1, 3, 7, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after treatment and analyzed on GC-ECD system equipped with capillary column. The residues of fipronil in both the doses dissipated in the range of 93.33-100 % in 90 days. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of determination (LODe/LOQ) were 0.0003 and 0.001 mg kg(-1), respectively. Dissipation followed a biphasic first-order kinetics with half-life values of 10.81 and 9.97 days for fipronil alone and 8.14 and 13.05 days for fipronil along with metabolites in soil at (T 1) and (T 2) treatments, respectively.
The mobility of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in sandy loam soil was studied in soil columns under laboratory conditions at two application rates, 25 and 50 μg, with simulated rainfall of 300 mm. Residues of chlorpyriphos and cypermethrin in soil and leachate were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Though maximum concentration of both the insecticides was found in the top 10-cm layer, chlorpyriphos was found distributed in the soil up to a depth of 35 cm and cypermethrin remained up to 15 cm. Results indicated the low mobility of both the insecticides under saturated moisture condition and hence may not contaminate ground water. No residues of any insecticide were detected in the leachate fractions.
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