BackgroundCancer burden among children and adolescents is largely unknown in Bangladesh. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview on childhood and adolescent cancers and to contribute to the future strategies to deal with these diseases in Bangladesh.MethodsData on malignant neoplasms in patients aged less than 20 years diagnosed between 2001 and 2014 (N = 3143) in Bangladesh was collected by the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital and ASHIC Foundation. The age pattern and distribution of cancer types were analysed and the incidence rates were calculated.ResultsThe age-standardised incidence rate was 7.8 per million person-years for children (0–14 years) in the last time period (2011–2014). Retinoblastoma (25 %) and leukaemia (18 %) were the most common childhood cancers. For adolescents (15–19 years), the age-specific incidence rate was 2.1 per million person-years in the same time period. Most common adolescent cancers were malignant bone tumours (38 %), germ cell and gonadal tumours (17 %), and epithelial tumours (16 %). There were more boys affected (M: F ratio 2.0 in children and 1.4 in adolescents) than girls.ConclusionCancer incidences were lower than expected most likely due to a low level of awareness about cancer among clinicians and the population, inadequate access to health care, lack of diagnostic equipment and incomplete recording of cases. Improvements on different levels should be made to get a better epidemiologic insight and to detect cancer earlier resulting in a better outcome for affected children and adolescents.

Introduction:Malignancy is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. According to GLOBOCAN 2012, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths occurred in 2012. It is estimated that childhood malignancies are 0.5–4.6% of total malignancies. However, from the point of view of potential year lost due to childhood malignancies, it is more important than adult.Materials and Methods:To find out the probable components for the delay in diagnosis and treatment of childhood malignancies in Bangladesh, cross-sectional observational study was done at the National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2014 to June 2014.Results:A total of 171 patients were included in the study. They were divided into four age groups. The mean age was 8.422 years with standard deviation ± 5.381 years and their age ranged from 2 months to 18 years. In aggregate, about 70% of the cases had to wait for more than 90 days for the treatment. About 15% had to wait for 31–60 days. Negligible percentage of patients got treatment before 30 days. Among the three components of delay, patients delay was influenced by age of the child, economic status of the family, parental education, and awareness of the parents about malignancy.Conclusion:More than one-third of the pediatric patients had to wait three months or more for treatment to start for various reasons. By raising awareness among the stake holders this problem can be minimized. Further studies are recommended to explore the other factors which might cause delayed referral.

Abstract: Abstract:Background: Background: Background: Background: Background: Lung cancer has been the most common cancer in the world since 1985 and the leading cause of cancer death. Worldwide it is by far the most common cancer of men and increasingly being recognized in Bangladesh.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the commonest type of cyanotic congenital heart disease which accounts for 10% of all congenital heart disease. Delay in surgical treatment leads to polycythaemia, cerebral abscess, thrombotic episodes etc. Corrective surgery in a case with cerebral abscess always has risk of intracranial hemorrhage during bypass1. We are hereby reporting a case of TOF who had multiple cerebral abscess managed with burr hole operation and extra ventricular drainage. Later 5 coronary stents were placed in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) to Main Pulmonary Artery (MPA) to overcome infundibular and valvular stenosis and thus reducing right to left shunt and cyanosis. This is the first ever palliation with RVOT stenting in a case of Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV), Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), Pulmonary Stenosis (PS) with cerebral abscess where surgery was contraindicated at that time and patient condition was unstable. Later on she had bidirectional Glenn shunt on 8th December 2015 by Saudi charity team.