Hanwoo (Korean native) steers (274.8 +/- 4.6 kg) with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment to examine the effects of dietary treatments on starch disappearance in the gastrointestinal tract. Dietary treatments consisted of concentrate that were based on ground corn with soybean meal (C-SBM), ground corn with corn gluten meal (C-CGM), ground barley with soybean meal (B-SBM) and ground barley with corn gluten meal (B-CGM). Although the intakes of starch and protein for steers fed experimental diets were different, it did not change ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentrations. Average duodenal CP flow and quantity of CP apparently digested post-ruminally was higher (P = 0.001) for CGM-based diets than SBM-based diets. There were increases in quantity (P < 0.001) and percentage (P < 0.001) of corn starch digested post-ruminally compared to barley starch. Synchronized diets showed higher percentages (P = 0.03) of starch apparently digested post-ruminally than asynchronization. Hanwoo steers fed a corn-based diet with a large quantity of starch reaching the duodenum and fed C-CGM supplying great amounts of protein to the small intestine may have contributed to increased post-ruminal starch digestion.

A total of eighty 21-day-olds (1.1±0.01kg) ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated into 4 groups, with 20 replicates per group and 1 chicken per replicate per cage. Three experimental groups (CAR, THY, ORE group) were given oral administration of 200ìL essential oils (carvacrol, thyme and oregano) at 18:00h every day. The results showed no significant differences on blood metabolites among each group (P>0.05). The villus height of the small intestines in the CAR group increased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 1360.10 to 1552.54ìm as compared to the control group, the goblet cell counts in the THY and ORE groups significantly increased by 20.91% (P less than 0.05) and 31.82% (P less than 0.05), respectively, compared to the control group. The E.coli and Salmonella in ORE group significantly decreased by 11.16% (P less than 0.05) and 9.54% (P less than 0.05), respectively, compared to the control group. The Redness (a*) values of the muscles of the CAR and ORE groups were observed to increase significantly (P less than 0.05) from 3.58 to 7.95 and 6.86, respectively, compared to the control group. In conclusion, oral administration of the essential oils carvacrol, thyme, and oregano promoted intestinal development, improved the intestinal environment and the meat quality of broilers.