Nickel-based self-fluxing alloy coating extends the service life of furnace wall tubes at waste incineration plants due to its excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance. Fusing of such coatings by induction heating offers improved efficiency and reliability of products. Compared with conventional plasma, flame, and high-velocity oxy-fuel spraying thermal-sprayed coatings, induction-fused coatings provide a far stronger metallurgical bond at the interface, while minimizing the inclusion of pores. In addition, the tubes are less costly than those with welded coatings, and the process reduces the distortion of the products, facilitating easier final assembly. A successful experimental application of 11 units in a waste incinerator revealed virtually no corrosion on the exposed surfaces, and showed an improved water heating efficiency over that of the original tubes. Such units are now being employed in four incinerators in Taiwan, and continuing tests are showing great promise.

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Sn/SnO2 composite materials are promising anode materials in lithium ion battery. Electrodeposition with supercritical CO2(sc-CO2) emulsified electrolyte (EP-SCE) is an effective method in controlling morphology (Ni [1], Cu[2], and Co[3]) and crystallinity (ZnO [4]and TiO2 [5]) of electrodeposited materials. Sc-CO2 is CO2 at temperature and pressure above its critical point, which is 304.1 K and 7.38 MPa. CO2 is non-polar, therefore, the solubility of metal salts and electrical conductivity are both very low in sc-CO2. In order to conduct electrochemical reactions, surfactants are used to form emulsified electrolyte. Co-deposition of SnO2 along with electrodeposition of metallic Sn can occur at the same time in a SnCl2 based electrolyte containing NO3 - ions [6]. The EP-SCE is expected to be effective in controlling concentration and properties of the SnO2 in metallic Sn film. In this study, Sn/SnO2 composite films are prepared by electrodeposition with supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) emulsified electrolyte, and the mechanical properties in micro-scale are evaluated by compression test of micro-pilliars fabricated from the Sn/SnO2 composite film for practical applications. Details of the high pressure electrochemical apparatus can be found in a previous study [1]. The electrolyte is composed of 0.22 M SnCl2, 0.015 M HCl and 0.31 M (NH4)3C6H5O7. The current density applied is varied from 2.8 to 17.3 mA/cm2. For the EP-SCE, the surfactant is C12H25(OCH2CH2)15OH. 0.2 vol.% of the surfactant is used to form the sc-CO2 emulsions. 20 vol.% of CO2 at 343 K and 15 MPa under agitation are used to ensure the formation of a stable emulsion. Electrodeposition without the sc-CO2 emulsions at ambient condition (CONV) was also conducted to be used as a comparison. Surface morphology of the films prepared by EP-SCE were very smooth and compact, and the CONV films were porous. On the other hand, there is not much different in the average grain size between the EP-SCE and CONV films, which was about 50 μm for both the EP-SCE and CONV films. The oxygen content in the EP-SCE films can be up to 28.3 at.% by adjusting the electrodeposition parameters. Micro-pillars with a 20×20 μm2 cross-section and a height at 40 μm were fabricated by focus ion beam from the deposited films. The yield stresses were ranged from 10 to 40 MPa when the current density changed. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR1433. Reference: [1] Electrochim. Acta 55 (2010) 6469-6475 [2] Thin Solid Films 529 (2013) 25-28 [3] J. Electrochem. Soc. 162 (2015) D423-D426 [4] J. Phys. Chem. C 117 (2013) 25596-25603 [5] Electrochem. Commun. 33 (2013) 68-71 [6] J. Alloys Compd. 403 (2005) 335-340