In Middle Eastern countries, cultural traditions, values, and beliefs play significant roles in decision making about cancer care, prevention, diagnosis, and management. As cultural factors are involved at every stage of cancer care from prevention to palliative care and they pose challenges that can influence cancer related behaviours in Middle Eastern countries, in cancer care, these factors should be addressed in all efforts to prevent and control the disease. This chapter focuses on a number of cultural factors relating to cancer care including family, family values and dynamics, religion and spiritual needs, stigma and social values, taboos about death and dying, and communication with patients. The reflections contained in this chapter offer insights into some of the ways the culture of Middle Eastern countries influences cancer care and how it affects the patients’ and their families’ attitudes and choices regarding this care. Reflections on these cultural perspectives suggest that if cancer care in Middle Eastern countries is to be improved, health professionals need to be aware of, and be sensitive to cultural factors and balance respect for patients’ cultural perspectives with the need to provide effective care and improve patient outcomes.