Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, cleft types distribution and etiological risk factors among newly born babies with cleft lip and/or palate (CL±P) in four governorate of the Arab Republic of Egypt, beginning the 1st of January 2013 till the 31st of December 2013. Material and Methods: Total 237,783 newly born babies from Cairo (162174), Aswan (42880), Luxor (32729), and New Valley (877) governorate in the Arab Republic of Egypt were included in this study. Incidence of CL±P babies per 1000 births was calculated in each district for the four studied governorates. Percentage distribution of cleft types within each governorate. Chi-square test was used for determining significance of difference of incidence and percentages within and between the governorates. Results: The mean prevalence value of CL±P in the four Egyptian studied governorates was 0.40/1000. The highest percentage of cleft type was cleft lip and palate followed by cleft lip and isolated cleft palate. The highest etiological risk factor was maternal passive smoking in the four studied governorates followed by consanguineous marriage and medicine intake during pregnancy. Conclusion: These data provided a picture of the prevalence of CL±P in four different governorate of Egypt and also provided a useful reference for cleft types distribution and etiological risk factors of CL±P data in Egypt and internationally.

Mesiodistal crown diameters were measured from twenty pairs of orthodontic pretreatment orthodontic study casts with unilateral peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors (group I). The control reference sample consisted of twenty pairs of orthodontic study casts with accepted occlusion (group II) matched with the peg-shaped sample according to age and sex. The age range was 14-26 years, both sex were included 11 female and 9 male. The statistical analysis showed an obvious reduction in mesiodistal size of intermaxillary tooth measurements in both sexes in group I. In comparing between the intermaxillary tooth size measurements in females showing peg shape maxillary lateral incisor and control female group, a highly significant reduction in lateral incisors and significant reduction in central incisors, canine and 1st premolar in the upper arch was recorded. Also, a significant reduction in canine and 2nd premolar was observed in the lower arch. However, in comparing between the intermaxillary tooth size measurements in males showing peg shape maxillary lateral incisor and control male group, in the upper arch, a highly significant reduction in lateral incisors and first and second premolars and significant reduction in central incisors, canine was observed. Furthermore, a highly significant reduction was recorded in central and lateral incisors and also first and second premolars, while the canine reported a significant reduction in the lower arch.

Aim of this study: to assess the pubertal growth spurt in a group of Alexandria school male adolescents, using the developmental stages of the middle phalanx of the middle finger (MP3), and to evaluate the skeletal maturity age differences between Alexandria male adolescents and other populations. Materials & Methods:A sample of 1100 male students for Alexandria was included in this study with age range from 11 to 16 years was collected. A Radiograph for the middle phalanx of the middle finger by digital dental radiograph for the assessment of MP3 maturation stages was taken for each subject. Results:The MP3-G stage (signifying the peak of pubertal growth spurt) was found with high prevalence in subjects aged >13-14 years with mean of age 13.76 y. Conclusion:1. The mean skeletal maturity age (MP3-G stage) that represents the peak of height velocity (PHV) in Egyptian adolescent males of Alexandria was found to be 13.76 y ± 1.15 years. 2 The newly digital radiography of the MP3 region is definitely an available, simple technique of high clarity, low radiation.