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In a competitive power market, the task of an independent system operator (ISO) is to ensure full dispatches of the contracted power are carried out reliably. However, if it threatens the system security then ISO makes decision on the re-dispatch of the contracted power i.e., Congestion Management (CM). This paper proposes an optimal congestion management approach in a deregulated electricity market with optimal location of TCSC under Combined Economic Emission Dispatch Environment (CEED) using Particle Swarm optimization with Time Varying Acceleration Co-efficient (PSO-TVAC). Sensitivity factors are used to find the optimal location TCSC. After placing TCSC the investment cost of TCSC and generator rescheduling cost is minimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and PSO-TVAC. Numerical results on test system, IEEE 30 bus and IEEE 118 bus systems are presented for illustration purpose and the results are compared with Particle swarm optimization (PSO) in terms of solution quality. The comprehensive experimental results prove that the PSO-TVAC is one among the challenging optimization methods which is indeed capable of obtaining higher quality solutions for the proposed problem.

This paper proposes an optimal congestion management approach in a deregulated electricity market using Particle swarm optimization (PSO) under Combined Economic and Emission dispatch (CEED) environment. CEED problem has been formulated as a multi-objective problem by considering both economy and emission simultaneously. This bi-objective CEED problem is converted into single objective function using price penalty factor approach. The aim of the proposed work is to minimize deviations from preferred transaction schedules and hence the congestion cost. Generator reactive power support is considered to lower the congestion cost. The values of Transmission Congestion Distribution factors (TCDFs) are used to select redispatch of generators. Numerical results on test systems namely IEEE 30 Bus and IEEE 118 bus systems are presented for illustration purpose and the results are compared with Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) and Economic Emission Dispatch (EED). The comprehensive experimental results prove that the PSO is one among the challenging optimization methods which is indeed capable of obtaining higher quality solutions for the proposed problem.

-Congestion management is one of the most challenging tasks of a system operator to ensure the operation of transmission system within operating limits. In this paper, cluster/zone method and relative electrical distance (RED) method for congestion management are compared based on the considered parameters. In the cluster/zone method, rescheduling of generation is based on user impact on congestion through the use of transmission congestion distribution factors. In the RED method, the desired proportions of generations for the desired overload relieving are obtained. Even after generation rescheduling, if congestion exists, load curtailment option is also introduced. Rescheduling cost, system cost, losses, and voltage stability parameter are also calculated and compared for the above two methods of congestion management. The results are illustrated on sample 6-bus, IEEE 30-bus, and Indian utility 69-bus systems.