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Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore self-regulation skills with real-time activity and glucose monitoring among Black women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A small acceptability trial was conducted using technology (continuous glucose monitors and Fitbit) to facilitate core behaviors associated with self-regulation (self-monitoring/assessment, learning, mental contrasting [comparing current values with goal values], and goal setting/review). Participants were given continuous glucose monitors and Fitbit activity trackers for self-monitoring of blood glucose and activity. Two sessions of group diabetes education were also offered. Following the intervention, semistructured interviews and subsequent content analyses were conducted to explore how the women’s experiences reflected certain self-regulation behaviors. Results Eight underserved Black women with non-insulin-requiring T2DM were included (age = 68 ± 5.2 years; A1C = 6.6% ± 1.1%; 15.3 ± 7.2 years since diagnosis). Content analysis revealed themes that were consistent with core self-regulation behaviors: experiential learning through self-monitoring, mental contrasting, and impact on behavior (actual behavior change and motivation to change behavior). Conclusions With use of real-time glucose and activity monitoring, underserved Black women with T2DM described how they used the data from the devices to make choices about eating and activity behaviors.

Summary The aim of this meta‐analysis was to examine the associations among infant feeding types, sleeping habits, and maternal sleep postpartum. Databases including Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied‐Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched in addition to reference lists from selected articles and other key references. A critical review of relevant articles from the data sources was conducted with attention to the infant feeding types and maternal night‐time sleep. The methodological quality was assessed systematically. The pooled mean difference was calculated. Narrative summaries were also used. A total of 6,472 participants from seven studies were included in the meta‐analysis. A random‐effects model demonstrated a significantly higher maternal night‐time sleep in breastfeeding mothers than non‐breastfeeding mothers with a pooled standardized mean difference of 0.24 h (95% confidence interval 0.03–0.46, p = 0.026). Co‐sleeping with infants during the night also increased the sleeping hours in breastfeeding mothers. Homogeneity was observed with a Tau2 of 0.0308 and I2 of 44.3%. Funnel plots, Egger's and Begg's tests revealed no evidence of publication bias. This systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated that breastfeeding may be associated with a longer night‐time sleep postpartum and the synthesis of the literature suggested that co‐sleeping with the infant was associated with longer sleep duration in breastfeeding women. Further research into factors involving maternal decisions on infant feeding types and their effects on maternal sleep is needed to better understand the mothers' attitude toward infant feeding and their own sleep.

This study aimed to determine which dietary factors were associated with habitual sleep duration in pre/peri- and post-menopausal women. Data from the 2007–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used ( N = 1,783). Habitual sleep duration was categorized as very short (<5 h), short (5–6 h), normal (7–8 h), and long (≥9 h). Diet assessment was performed following validated procedures. In pre/peri-menopausal women ( n = 1,116), controlling for the confounders, fewer number of foods, less intake of protein, carbohydrates, thiamin (B1), food folate, total choline, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and selenium were significantly associated with a higher risk for very short sleep. Being on a low-salt diet was related to a lower risk for long sleep. In comparison, in post-menopausal women ( n = 667), controlling for the confounders, more sugar intake, less intake of phosphorus and zinc were related to a higher risk for short sleep. There were novel associations between diet and sleep duration, particularly among pre/peri-menopausal women. Future research is needed to confirm those causal relationships.