Background & objective: Depression associate with increase severity of illness, length of hospitalization and mortality in heart failure patient's .The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and related factors of depression in male systolic heart failure patients. Materials & Methods: This is a cross sectional study that was conducted on 100 male patients with systolic heart failure in Alborz of Karaj and Shahriar Social Security Hospitals in 2010. Sampling method in this study was Convenience sampling. Data collected by demographic data form, MLHFQ (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire), (CES-D) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale .Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 18 and using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and coefficient Pearson correlation. Results: The findings indicated that mean score of depression was 20.3±12 .47% had severe and 16% had mild to moderate depression. Depression significant associated with age(p=0.002), education(p<0.001), economic status(p=0.002), smoking(p=0.034), hemoglobin level(p=0.004), left ventricular ejection fraction(p=0.012), use of digoxin(p=0.019), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)(p=0.005), aldacton (p=0.005)and quality of life(p<0.001). Conclusion: Depression was common among men with systolic heart failure and had negative impact on quality of life. Nurses by screening and assessment symptoms of depression and refer patients for counseling and treatment can help to improve quality of life in heart failure patient.

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Background and Purpose: Sleep breathing disorders have a negative impact on the illness outcome and quality of life in patients with heart failure. This study was conducted to investigate the probability of obstructive sleep apnea in men with heart failure and some related factors. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 100 male patients with systolic heart failure selected through convenience sampling. Demographic data, anthropometric indices, and information about the disease, treatment, and STOP-BANG questionnaires were collected through interviewing subjects. Data was analyzed with SPSS 18 using descriptive statistics, t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. Results: 87% of heart failure patients were at a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea. The probability of obstructive sleep apnea had significant relationship with age and neck circumference (p<0.001). A significant difference was found in the mean score of obstructive sleep apnea compared with renal disease (p=0.020), use of angiotensin receptor blockers (p=0. 013) and diuretics (p=0. 019). Conclusion: Due to their longer and more direct contact with patients, nurses have more opportunity for evaluating obstructive sleep apnea in patients. Obstructive screening questionnaires of sleep breathing disorders is a simple and economical way for identifying the patients with a high risk of this problem and referring them for more accurate diagnosis and treatment, which can play an important role in reducing the negative outcomes of the disease and improving patients' quality of life.

Background and Purpose: Identification of the effects of sleep disturbances on the quality of life could result in proper treatment of patients with heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep disorders and erectile dysfunction, depression and quality of life in male patients with systolic heart failure. Methods: This correlational study was conducted on 100 male patients with systolic heart failure selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), STOP-Bang questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire (MLHFQ), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlationcoefficient and linear regression model. Results: In this study, sleep quality (P<0.001) and possibility of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (P=0.001) were significantly associated with depression and could explain 32.6% of variance in depression. In addition, possibility of OSA (P=0.006) was associated with erectile dysfunction and could explain 12% of variance in erectile dysfunction. Also, possibility of OSA (P=0.001) and sleep quality (P<0.001) had a statistically significant correlation with quality of life and could explain 36% of variance in quality of life. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, poor sleep quality and sleep-disordered breathing were negatively correlated with mood, sexual function and overall quality of life in male patients with systolic heart failure. Therefore, proper screening and treatment of sleep disorders in patients with heart failure is of paramount importance.