Aim: Human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is very important for the evaluation of prevention strategies in cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of high-risk HPV infection in a cohort of Qatari residents, and correlate this with cytology and potential risk factors. Method: The study utilized cervical cytology and HPV DNA testing methods, high-risk screen real-time PCR, to detect high-risk HPV genotype infections in a sample of Qatar’s female population. A series of 95 women attending the Gynecology/Oncology Clinic at Hamad Medical Corporation between August 2007 and May 2008 were enrolled in the study. Cervical smears isolated from patients were subjected to real-time PCR to confirm the presence of HPV DNA. The smears were characterized as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). As a secondary outcome, risk factors for HPV infection were also assessed. However, the samples were not case-controlled for these. Results: A total of 28 women had normal smears and 65 had abnormal smears. Among the 65 women in the study population with abnormal smears, 33 had ASCUS (18 of them were HPV DNA positive), 21 had LGSIL (18 were HPV DNA positive), eight had HGSIL (four were HPV DNA positive) and the remaining three had squamous cell carcinoma (two were HPV DNA positive). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of high-risk HPV in our study population (n = 95) was 64%. The relatively high prevalence of HPV 52, 56 and 16 among the study group has important implications in vaccine prophylaxis in Qatar.

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The purpose of this review is to discuss the established role of ultrasound (US) in the management of pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as new developments with regard to the use of US in this situation. We choose to explore the role of US in pregnancy complicated by DM in three areas: (1) Role of US in estimation of fetal weight. (2) Role of US in diagnosis of congenital malformation. (3) Role of US in monitoring diabetic pregnant patients.

Intraoperative cervical dilatation during elective cesarean section did not reduce the risk of postoperative maternal fever, wound infection or change in hemoglobin concentration.

Amniotic fluid (AF) is a dynamic medium that plays a significant role in fetal well-being. It is production and amount varies with gestational age. It plays a vital role in fetal life as it contains antimicrobial factors, growth factors and it help the fetal lung to grow and expand. Amnioinfusion can be performed either transabdominally or transvaginal. Amnioinfuion can be done antenatally and during labor. Aminoinfusion can be used for diagnostic purposes to enable better visualization of the fetus as liquor is very important acoustic widow for better fetal examination. Amnioinfusion have some therapeutic benefits in conditions like early premature rupture of membrane and may help cases of external cephalic version for breech presentation at term. Amnioinfusion has been shown to reduce the incidence of variable deceleration due to cord compression, reduces the risk of meconium aspiration and it will help reduce cesarean delivery.