Structurally unique isocoumarin glucosides, named halorosellins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of a broth of the marine fungus Halorosellinia oceanica. Other new minor metabolites including 4,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-dimethyl-3-methyleneisochroman-1-one (3), 3-acetyl-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3,4-dimethyl-3Hisobenzofuran-1-one (4) and an ophiobolane sesterterpene, 17-dehydroxyhalorosellinic acid (5), were also isolated. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by analyses of spectroscopic data. Compound 4 exhibited mild antimycobacterial activity (MIC value of 200 µg mL Ϫ1 ).

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An antimalarial macrocyclic polylactone, menisporopsin A (1), was isolated from a cell extract of the seed fungus Menisporopsis theobromae. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations, with the absolute configuration established by application of the modified Mosher method and by using chiral HPLC. Menisporopsin A (1) possesses an unprecedented residue, 2,4-dihydroxy-6-(2,4-dihydroxy-n-pentyl)benzoic acid. This compound exhibited antimalarial activity, with an IC(50) value of 4.0 microg mL(-1), and antimycobacterial activity (MIC value of 50 microg mL(-1)).

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the extract of the endophytic fungus KLAR 5 belonging to order Hypocreales, which was isolated from the twig of Knema laurina (Blume) Warb., resulted in the isolation of brefeldin A (1), 8-deoxy-trichothecin (2), trichothecolone (3), 7alpha-hydroxytrichodermol (4), and 7alpha-hydroxyscirpene (5). Compound 5 was isolated from natural source for the first time. Compound 1 was very highly active against human epidermoid carcinoma of the mouth, human breast cancer (BC-1), and human small cell lung cancer (NCI-H187) cells whereas compounds 2 and 4 were selectively active against BC-1 and NCI-H187 cells. Compounds 3 and 5 were moderately active against these three cancer cell lines.

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