Hagenia abyssinica is a characteristic species of mountain forests in the Albertine Rift. In Kahuzi Biega National Park, the species is found between 2000 and 2600 m altitude. This study intended to characterize Hagenia monospecific forest by providing an account for its floristic European Scientific Journal May 2016 edition vol.12, No.15 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 190 composition, structure and biomass. Data were collected from 9 different plots of 1 hectare each located in 3 different sites (Tshivanga 2000-2250m asl; Mugabe and Kasirusiru 2400-2600m asl). Parameters including tree diameter ≥ 10cm, height, dead individuals and young shoots of Hagenia abyssinica were wetting the plot. The results showed that species richness was significantly low, varying between 8-24 species (p < 0.05, Df = 35); while the specific density was 565 ± 121 individuals. The Richness decreased with the increment of the species density of Hagenia. The similarity analysis revealed the influence/impact of the site/altitude on the species composition. The diametric structure showed a regressive dynamism within the population found between 2000 and 2200 m altitude, in which Hagenia specimens were replaced by the specimens of secondary forest species such as Sapium ellipticum, Macaranga neomilbraediana, Neoboutonia macrocalyx. Whereas, between 2400-2600 m altitude, there was a progressive dynamism with several Hagenia young shoots, with no mortality (χ 2 = 487, p < 0.001). The average woody biomass was estimated at 108t / ha. This increased as Hagenia density decreased and vegetation became heterogeneous. Human disturbance and climate change effects in the region, could be the causes of variability observed in this population in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park.Keywords: Kahuzi-Biega National Park, structure, diversity, biomass, Hagenia abyssinica RésuméHagenia abyssinica est une espèce caractéristique des forêts de montagne dans le Rift albertin. Au Parc National de Kahuzi Biega, l'espèce est présente entre 2000 et 2600m d'altitude. Cette étude s'intéresse à la caractérisation du peuplement pour analyser sa composition floristique, sa structure et en estimer la biomasse selon le caractère du peuplement. Les données ont été collectées dans 9 parcelles de 1ha chacune situées dans trois sites différents (Tshivanga 2000-2250m d'altitude ; Mugaba et Kasirusiru 2400-2600m d'altitude). Il s'agit des données sur le diamètre des arbres ≥ 10cm, sur leur hauteur, les individus morts et les jeunes pousses de Hagenia abyssinica au sein de la parcelle. Les résultats montrent que la richesse spécifique est faible et varie entre 8 à 24 espèces (p value=0,03 ; Df=35) pendant que la densité spécifique est de 565± 121 individus. La richesse spécifique diminue lorsque la densité de Hagenia abyssinica devient importante. L'analyse de similarité indique que le site influence la ressemblance entre les communautés. La structure diamétrique montre que le peuplement situé

This study was done in different forests Chablis and Edges dominated by the Pteridium aquilinum species in the mountain area of Kahuzi-Biega National Park (PNKB), eastern D.R. Congo, along the Mitumba range, in the Albertine Rift. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the role of that patch of ferns in the recolonization of degraded areas for the forestry reconstruction and dynamics of different holes in that part of the park. The studied grouping is located at 1531 and 2452m of altitude and on acid soils that root allophatic reactions related to the aptitude of roots and rhizomes of Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. The high presence of young Phanerophytes in these sites highlights the position of the grouping in the succession and dynamics of the vegetation. The general aspect of the vegetation is dominantly herbaceous, and presented as a green mosaic in the Pteridaie. The sociological classification shows 8 different eco-sociological groups (apart from non-classified) and Canonical Correspondence Analyses show that the relations between environmental variables and species are significant. The complexity of responses obtained warrants to bring more attention to forests Chablis and Edge diversity for better management and conservation of plant species.

The analysis and characterization of climate variability over a long five-year period proved fundamental to understanding the impacts of climate change and the vulnerability of ecosystem services in the South Kivu province in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Collection methods from surveys and literature reviews allowed us to conduct qualitative and quantitative analyses of climate change impacts and adaptation approaches based on ecosystem services. For data collection, we used surveys and inventories. The data were statistically analyzed, mainly with regression methods and arithmetic averages. The results of agro-pastoral, fisheries and water production highlight the strong influence of climate change through the decrease in products essential for local consumption. These results are confirmed by statistical analysis almost everywhere R² < 0.5 and p-value > 0.05 (except for vegetable production « p-value < 0.05», Cereal: R²= 0.54 and Legume:  R²= 0.74). The same results show us that the non-regulation of river regimes and the decrease in water production by the appropriate service as a result of precipitation and temperature variability data have led to unprecedented disruption due to negative effects on the ecosystem services analyzed.  The proposals of the ecosystem-based adaptation approaches as a solution and are important indicators that have assessed climate risks of ecosystem services combined with the poverty impacts of the population and its environment highly vulnerable to climate change.

Cet article se focalise sur la nécessité d'intégrer, de réconcilier les pratiques coutumières des peuples riverains (Pygmées et Lega) avec les pratiques de gestion moderne de conservation de la biodiversité afin de préserver et de protéger la Réserve Naturelle d'Itombwe (RNI, réserve de catégorie VI de l'UICN). Pour récolter les données sur le terrain dans les villages Lega et Pygmées proches de la RNI, trois techniques ont été utilisées (documentaire, focus group et entretiens semi-structurés). Les résultats obtenus nous ont permis de découvrir les modes de protection de la nature et les normes locales propices au développement durable dans la gestion et la conservation de la nature. Ils montrent qu'il est utile de prendre en compte les pratiques traditionnelles et les expériences vécues pour comprendre l'importance du monde vivant de ces deux peuples. Certaines plantes et certains animaux protégés par les Us et coutumes de deux peuples sont aussi des espèces protégées et interdites par la Convention sur le Commerce International des Espèces de Faune et de Flore Sauvages Menacées d'Extinction (CITES). Malheureusement, la forte croissance démographique, le christianisme, la modernité ainsi que la relation entre la pauvreté et la culture traditionnelle ont remis en cause ces pratiques culturelles et le nonrespect de coutume. Ces croyances, loin d’être stables et immobiles, sont souvent capables d’intégrer des formes de nouveauté et de s’adapter à des modalités variables. En dépit de ces obligations, les occasions s’offrent au niveau coutumier pour la bonne gestion de la nature. Il revient aux acteurs de la conservation tant nationale qu’internationale de s’approprier ces pratiques costumières pour une bonne gestion de la biodiversité. This paper focuses on the need to integrate and reconcile the customs and practices of the riparian peoples (Pygmies and Lega) with the practice of modern management and conservation of biodiversity in order to preserve and protect the Itombwe Nature Reserve (INR, which is an IUCN Category VI Reserve). To collect field data in Lega and Pygmy villages bordering the INR, three techniques was used (documentary, focus group and individual interviews). The studies uncovered ways of protecting nature and local sacredness that are conducive to sustainable development in nature management and conservation. They show us that it is useful to take into account traditional practices and lived experiences to understand the importance of the living world of these two peoples. In addition, some plants and animals protected by local knowledge are among the species protected and prohibited by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The strong demographic growth, Christianity, modernity as well as the grafting between poverty and traditional culture have challenged these cultural practices and the respect of customs. These beliefs, far from being stable and immobile, are often able to integrate forms of novelty and adapt to changing modalities. In spite of these obligations, opportunities exist at the customary level the good management of nature. It is up to national and international conservation actors to appropriate these customary practices for good biodiversity management.

Cette étude a pour objet d’évaluer la problématique de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas et ses risques environnementaux dans la Ville de Bukavu, précisément en Commune de Kadutu. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les causes de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas de la municipalité Kadutu et de proposer des recommandations pour une gestion saine des excrétas La méthodologie utilisée porte sur trois techniques sur le terrain : l’observation directe, l’analyse documentaire et les enquêtes (focus groupe et interview semi-structurés).  L’étude a abouti aux résultats selon lesquels la faible implication des autorités étatiques, les constructions anarchiques, la non-implication des agents d’assainissement, l’incivisme de la population constituent les causes de la mauvaise gestion des excrétas dans la Commune de Kadutu. La majorité des habitations construites le long de la rivière « Kahuwa » n’a pas des fosses septiques, leurs toilettes se vident directement dans cette rivière. Cela a comme conséquences, des odeurs répugnantes dans tous les coins de ladite municipalité. Ces effets sont visibles peuvent engendrer des conséquences néfastes sur la santé de la population et sur l’environnement.   This study focuses on assessing the problem of poor excreta management and its environmental risks in the City of Bukavu, specifically in Kadutu Commune. The objective of this study is to assess the causes of poor excreta management in the municipality of Kadutu and to propose recommendations for sound excreta management. The methodology used is based on three field techniques, namely: direct observation, documentary analysis, and surveys (focus group and semi-structured interviews). The study concluded that the poor involvement of state authorities, anarchic construction, the non-involvement of sanitation agents, and the incivism of the population are the causes of poor excreta management in the Commune of Kadutu. The majority of the houses built along the river "Kahuwa" do not have septic tanks and their toilets are emptied directly into this river. This results in disgusting odors in every corner of the said municipality. These effects are visible and can have negative consequences on the health of the population and the environment.