Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a condition which is characterized by proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia and significant edema. In children with nephrotic syndrome, it is probable to determine a hypothyroid state because of significant loss of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) in presence of proteinuria. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the level of serum free T3, free T4, and TSH in children with nephrotic syndrome and its correlation with healthy controls.Methods: A comparative study was carried out on total of 60 children (divided into two equal groups of 30 cases and 30 controls) in the age group of 1-18 years of either sex admitted to Department of Paediatrics. Maharishi Markandeshwar institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Mullana, Ambala, Haryana over a from January 2017 to September 2018. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were done in all 60 children and compared.Results: Among cases 18 (60%) were males and 12 (40%) were females. 63.4% of the cases were in the age group 1-10 years and 36.6% were in age group 11-18 years. Studied patients showed lowered FT3 and FT4 and raised TSH in comparison with normal values.Conclusions: Hypothyroidism should be actively sought for in children with nephrotic syndrome as it is a treatable complication.

Appendiceal duplication is often a surprise finding in patients undergoing appendicectomy which is one of the most common surgeries being performed worldwide. Even though this clinical entity is rare, misdiagnosis may have serious consequences both for the patient as well as attending surgeonand hence this clinical entity should never be missed. Here we present a similar case of appendiceal duplication in a patient presenting with signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis along with review of literature.

Adult intussusception occurs infrequently and differs from childhood intussusception in its presentation, aetiology, and treatment. Diagnosis can be delayed because of its longstanding, intermittent, and non-specific symptoms and most cases are diagnosed at emergency surgery. Use of computed tomography in the evaluation of patients with abdominal pain, the condition can be diagnosed more reliably. Treatment entails simple bowel resection in most cases. Reduction of the intussusception before resection is controversial. Laparoscopic management has been reported to be a safe and feasible option regardless of the etiology. This paper presents the diagnosis and management of two cases of adult intussusception, their presentation and management.

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