BackgroundDespite several treatment options that are available for meningiomas, surgery is the only method currently practiced. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) in meningiomas causes difficulty marginalizing the dissection in an intraoperative setting.PurposeTo evaluate whether the epidemiological variables, imaging characteristics, and pathologic parameters are correlated with the presence of PTBE in meningiomas.Study TypeRetrospective study from 2015 to 2018.SubjectsIn all, 550 patients with histopathologically confirmed meningioma were included. After exclusion of patients with extradural, spinal, and intraventricular meningiomas and those with image artifacts, a total of 441 patients were included in the final analysis.Field Strength/SequenceImages were performed with 3T MR scanners and axial/sagittal T1WI, axial/coronal T2WI and axial/sagittal/coronal contrast‐enhanced T1WI after administration of 0.1 mmol/kg of body weight of Gd‐DTPA.AssessmentFourteen variables were patients' age, sex, skull changes, calcification, density, location, margin, volume, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft, signal intensity (SI) on T2WI, degree and pattern of contrast enhancement, WHO histological classification, and Ki‐67 labeling index.Statistical TestsThe relationship between each factor and the formation of PTBE was examined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter multivariate logistic regression, the absence of CSF cleft (odds ratio [OR]: 63.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 27.24–121.42, P = 1.2 × 10−8), non‐skull base location (OR: 15.32, 95% CI: 5.81–28.23, P = 0.0008), high SI on T2WI (OR: 5.05, 95% CI: 2.27–14.88, P = 0.01), and G I uncommon subtypes (OR: 4.75, 95% CI: 1.42–15.94, P = 0.01) were found to be significant independent factors associated with the occurrence of PTBE in meningiomas. In patients with PTBE‐positive meningiomas, there was no significant correlation between the volume of PTBE and the volume of the tumor (r = 0.17, P = 0.60).Data ConclusionThese factors may be suggestive of anticipating the formation of PTBE.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:174–182.