Rice is the staple food of more than three billion people in the world, most of who live in Asia.Rice is important crop of Indo Gangetic Plains of Bihar, productivity of system is stagnate and somewhere going down, to ascertain the role of sulphur and zinc an experiment was conducted at main campus of ICAR Research Complex of Eastern Region Patna with four levels of both nutrients i.e. sulphur and zinc, total 16 treatments were tested in Randomized Block Design. Both the nutrients were applied to rice and their direct and residual response was ascertained to rice and lentil in sequence. Based on three years of experimentation, results revealed that rice plant height is significantly affected by sulphur and zinc. Tallest plant (101.7cm) was recorded at maturity with application 6kg Zn application Zn. With the advance of stage dry matter accumulation was increased, it was not like the LAI which was decreased after Panicle initiation stage. Highest LAI (4.29) at anthesis was produced in the plots treated with Zn at 6 kg/ha. Dry matter share of root was in general less than 15% across the levels of sulphur and zinc during all the phenological stages. Maximum rice yield (7.63 t/ha) was recorded with combined application of 30kg sulphur and 6kg zinc, whereas corresponding minimum rice yield (7.09 t/ha) was recorded with absolute control plots where no application of zinc and sulphur was done during entire experimentation period.Maximum (281.2 kg/ha) nitrogen uptake was recorded with 6kg zinc treatment. However highest uptake of P (91.1 kg/ha) and K (150.4 kg/ha) was recorded in the plot supplemented with no Zn and sulphur at 40 kg/ha, respectively. Soil parameters viz., pH, EC and organic carbon content did not influenced with the S and Zn. N, P, K, S and Znwere affected significantly due to sulphur and zinc nutrition.

Integration of different components viz. livestock, fishery, horticulture, mushroom etc. along with field crops not only enhanced productivity but by-products (waste) of one component act as input for another component through resource recycling within the system. Six integrated farming systems models with suitable combinations of Crop, vegetables, fruit trees, fish, livestock, mushroom etc. were made and evaluated at the experimental farm of ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna during 2012-16 for harness maximum income, nutrient recycling and employment. Among six combinations, crop + fish + duck + goat resulted as most profitable combination in terms of productivity (RGEY-22.2t), net income (Rs. 2,15,900/ha), additional employment (170 days/year) with income sustainability index (ISI) by 90.2. Upon nutrient recycling prepared from different wastes from the system Crop + fish + duck + goat combination added N (56.5 kg), P (39.6 kg) and K (42.7 kg) into the soil and reduced the cost of cultivation by 24 percent and was followed by crop + fish + goat combination. Crops grown under IFS mode with different types of manures produced 31 percent higher yield over conventional rice-wheat system. The contribution of crops towards the system productivity ranged from 36.4 to 56.2 %, while fish ranged from 22.0-33.5 %; for goat 25.4-32.9 %; for poultry 38.7 %; for duck 22.0-29.0 %; for cattle 32.2% and for mushroom 10.3 %.

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