Study DesignThis was a prospective study of 50 patients of thoracolumbar fracture dislocation treated at a single institution with short-segment fixation with the inclusion of fracture level.PurposeTo assess the outcomes of including the fracture level in short-segment fixation for thoracolumbar fracture dislocation. Overview of LiteratureTraditionally, thoracolumbar fracture dislocation is treated with long-segment posterior fixation. However, to save motion segments, short-segment fixation has been used instead in many cases of thoracolumbar trauma.MethodsIn this study, 50 patients with thoracolumbar fracture dislocation were treated with short-segment fixation with inclusion of the fracture level; patients with pathological fractures or with a McCormack load-sharing score >6 were excluded. The 50 patients were prospectively followed for at least 1 year. The duration of surgery, blood loss, and complications were noted. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score was used to measure pain, and the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale was used to determine the neurological status at follow-up. Preoperative, immediate postoperative, and final follow-up X-rays were used to measure the kyphotic angle using Cobb’s method.ResultsThe mean age of our patients was 33.4 years, and the male:female ratio was 1.9:1. The mean follow-up period was 18.4 months (range, 12–23 months). Injuries were mainly at the thoracolumbar junction area (T11–L2, 41 cases, 82%). The average duration of surgery was 94.6 minutes, and the average blood loss was 394.8 mL. Postoperative infection occurred in two cases and implant failure in one case. The kyphosis angle values were as follows: average preoperative, 26.80°±14.50°; immediate postoperative, 4.30°±8.70°; and final follow-up, 5.50°±110°. The ASIA scale and VAS score at final follow-up showed improvement.ConclusionsInclusion of the fracture level in short-segment fixation for thoracolumbar fracture dislocation (McCormack load-sharing score ≤6) gives good kyphosis correction and correction maintenance. It can also obviate the need for traditional long-segment fixation.

Introduction:There is paucity of literature about antibiotic uptake in bone grafts soaked in antibiotic solutions at room temperature in the operation theatre. We hypothesized that if bone grafts are dipped in different strengths of antibiotic solutions for sufficient period, their utilization at the target site helps in localized release of antibiotics in adequate inhibitory concentration to achieve the bacterial regression. The purpose of the study was to find out: (1) Optimum duration, strength, and volume of antibiotic solution required for dipping bone grafts at room temperature prior to the use. (2) What could be the clinical implications of the results obtained?Materials and Methods:Bone shavings from total knee replacements were processed, frozen and transported to bio-analytical laboratory. The bone fragments were then impregnated with different volume and different strength of gentamicin and vancomycin over different time periods. The soaked bone samples underwent further processing for analysis on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) system.Results:After series of bio-analytical estimation for the soaked drug concentration among bone fragments; the optimal estimation was found with 0.2 mL of 2% strength of gentamicin and vancomycin, the optimal time was found with soakage up to 30 min. These estimated values of soaked antibiotics were five 5 times higher than required minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for bacterial regression.Conclusion:Use of antibiotic soaked bone allografts at target sites as potential drug carrier can be a hassle- free yet cost- effective and safe process for achieving maximum bacterial regression.

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy can present as an acute life‑threatening emergency when it ruptures and accounts for about 10% of all maternal mortalities; therefore, it is imperative to diagnose the unruptured ectopic pregnancy such that timely intervention will prevent morbidity and mortality. The fallopian tube is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy (90-95%). With an increasing incidence of ectopic pregnancy worldwide, a histopathological study of the resected fallopian tubes becomes important to look for predisposing/associated findings such as acute salpingitis, chronic salpingitis and salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN). Objectives: The aim was to study the clinical presentation of ectopic pregnancy and its association with various factors like age and gravida status. It also aims to study the histomorphology of the fallopian tubes with ectopic gestation and note the presence of predisposing factors such as acute salpingitis, chronic salpingitis and SIN. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 specimens of ectopic pregnancy received in Department of Pathology for a retrospective period of 2.5-years from January 2019 to May 2021 were reviewed.

Introduction: Spinal TB generally starts in the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs and is thus called "spondylodiscitis". It is not only important due to the high prevalence but also because upto 30% of cases develop serious neurological sequelae from compression of the spinal cord, such as para paresis and paraplegia. Although clinical and radiological findings are clear in tuberculosis of the spine, making an early and definite diagnosis is not yet easy, because disease progression is slow and insidious. If there are no complications and if the lesion is limited to the vertebrae, anti-tubercular chemotherapy can treat tuberculosis . However, with proper indications, surgical procedures are superior in the prevention of neurological deterioration, maintenance of stability, prevention of deformity, early recovery and early mobilization. Tubercular kyphosis is an unstable lesion that tends to progress at least until there is a sound body fusion anteriorly. The wide lesions, abscess formations, sinuses, vertebral deformities and neurological deficits due to spinal tuberculosis should be treated surgically. To date, there are several surgical treatment methods in the literature. Nowadays, tuberculous spine treatment and management has greatly evolved. Aim: To study the results of only posterior decompression and fixation in dorsolumbar tuberculosis spine in view of neurological status, amount of fusion, amount of correction of kyphotic deformity and life style status over the period of time. Materials and Methods: 60 patients were taken in the study initially but out of them 10 did not come for regular follow up. So study consisted of 50 patients. All patients (n=50) who were included in the study had tuberculosis of spine at dorsal and/or lumbar with or without neurological deficit and with or without deformity.All of 50 patients were managed by only posterior decompression and fixation. We studied the cases for development of deformity at dorsal and lumbar spine treated by posterior decompression and fixation and their neurological status according to GERTZBEIN GRADING, rate of fusion according to BRIDWELL SCORE, pain status by DENNIS PAIN SCALE and functional ability according to DENNIS WORK SCALE and final outcome was assessed according to SEYBOLD AND BAYLEY SCALE. Neurological function on admission was graded according to Frankle et al. Results and Discussion: In the current series of 50 patient's posterior instrumentation performed to decrease and stabilize the kyphotic unstable segment. Functional outcome was significantly better in posteriorly fixed group of patients with average score being 14.66 (good) according to Seybold and Bayley score. Better targeting of the disease focus with removal of disease focus, possible posterior reconstruction, rapid healing, added stability and better fusion, which all fulfilled by the posterior fixation and decompression and has the better functional outcome. Conclusion: From the present study, we concluded that functional outcome is better according to...

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