Addiction is a very common habitual psychological or physiological disorder in this modern era. It is a condition of dependence on any substances or drugs. It harms human beings along with its social consequence. Sudden withdrawal of addicted drugs produces different types of psychosomatic disorders. Addiction is not only about drug addiction or alcohol addiction or substance addiction. In the Ayurvedic view, overuse of any aspect and every aspect is considered an addiction. Addictions influence the physical, emotional and psychological behaviour of an individual with a wrong effect. Tobacco and alcohol are the most widely consumed psychotropic drugs which are used worldwide. The common use of both increases the risk of noncommunicable diseases to many folds. Ayurvedic texts have described different types of De-addiction treatment which can be applied in this context along with replacement therapy with medicines described in the Madatyaya chapter of Charaka Samhita Chikitsa sthana. The main aim of this review article is to compile and evaluate the concept of tobacco addiction and its management. All the descriptions of addiction mentioned in different Ayurvedic texts were critically analyzed and discussed to check their relation.

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Snuhi (Euphorbia nerifolia Linn.) is a widely known poisonous medicinal plant in Ayurveda. It is categorized un- der Sthavara Upavisha. In Ayurveda, Upavisha is the group of drugs that are less toxic and not so lethal but pro- duces certain toxic symptoms on consumption or administration. Snuhi is one among the Upavisha and a well- known plant in the Indian system of medicine. In the Ayurveda concept, it is believed that toxic material may be useful in various diseases if it is administered properly and similarly even a drug if not administered properly be- comes an acute poison. The present review article highlights overall information about the plant Snuhi, its toxico- logical aspect, management, medico-legal aspect. Keywords: Snuhi, Upavisha, Toxicological aspect

Gunja (Abrus precatorius Linn.) is a toxic plant which is described in various Samhita and other Ayurvedic texts. In Sushruta Samhita Vishaja dravyas are classified into Sthavara, Jangama and Kritima Visha. Gunja is mentioned in Sthavara Visha. In Sthavara Visha it is mentioned under Moolaja Adhisthan, which is one of the ten Adhisthan of Sthavara Visha. According to Rasa Tarangani Sthavara Visha are further divided into Mahavisha and Upavisha. Gunja is mentioned in Upavisha which is less potent toxic than Mahavisha. All parts of the plant are toxic, but the most toxic part is the seed which contains the active principle abrin. According to the modern concept, it is an irritant organic poison. In the Ayurvedic concept, if toxic plants are used after Shodhana process, they are useful in various types of diseases. The main aim of this study is to collect all the information related to Gunja and its toxicity. Keywords: Gunja, Visha, Toxicity, Abrin, Shodhana