BACKGROUND Haemoptysis is a common complaint in many patients attending chest department. It can be due to a number of aetiologies, having different pathogenesis, radiological presentation and requires optimum management. This study is carried out to evaluate the aetiology, pathogenesis, its radiological profile and outcome in patients of haemoptysis in patients attending TB and Chest

In metal-cutting operations, the surface roughness of the end product plays a significant role. It not only affects the aesthetic appearance of the end product but also signifies the product’s performance in the long run. Products with a high surface finish have higher endurance limits with negligible local stresses. On the other hand, products with rough surfaces are subjected to high stresses when they are engaged in various mechanical operations with varying loads. Surface roughness depends on various machining factors such as feed rate, depth of cut, cutting speed, or spindle speed. Therefore, it is required to predict surface roughness for the given machining parameters to reduce the cost and increase the life of the end product. In this work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the surface roughness of AZ91 alloy during the end milling operation. In this regard, various state-of-the-art ensemble learning models have been adopted and compared with the proposed hybrid ensemble model. The proposed hybrid ensemble model is the integration of random forest, gradient boosting, and a deep multi-layered neural network. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed model, comparative analyses have been made in terms of mean square error, mean average error, and [Formula: see text] score. The result shows that the proposed hybrid model gives minimum error for surface roughness.

Introduction: Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a rapidly escalating problem. Vitamin D and calcium serum levels can be an important determinant of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) infection, progression to disease.The link between the serum level of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D {25(OH) D and MDR-TB is an emerging area for conducting evidencebased research. Aim: To assess the serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels and its deficiency in all the patients with drug resistant tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, from October 2019 to October 2020, in the newly detected 100 patients experiencing DR-TB. Patients sputum/body fluid samples were subjected for GeneXpert/Line Probe Assay (LPA) examinations to confirm resistance to anti-tubercular drugs. The frequency and prevalence of mean serum vitamin D and mean serum calcium levels were recorded based on age and gender. DR-TB categorised into H-Mono resistance, MDR-TB, Pre-Extensively Drug Resistant (Pre-XDR) and XDR-PTB, based on GeneXpert and LPA of sputum/body fluid. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the characteristics of all the patients. All the statistical analysis was done using the STATA software. Results: Mean age of study population was 31.12±15.49 years. Among them 63 were males and 37 were females. The mean serum vitamin D level of 10.87±8.49 ng/mL (deficient) and serum calcium level of 8.62±0.82 mg/dL (normal) was reported. Mean serum vitamin D levels were deficient in all the four types of DR-TB (p-value=0.04), while changes in mean serum calcium level was non significant (p-value=0.15). Conclusion: All patients with DR-TB have significant propensity to vitamin D deficiency. While changes in mean serum calcium level was non significant.

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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Snoring is a sleep disorder which often causes cognitive dysfunction, due to inadequate rhythms of sleep cycle. Commonly evaluated with polysomnography. P300 is an electrophysiological method to measure the cognitive dysfunction. Usefulness of P300 audiological test in snoring for cognitive ability is studied here.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective study with 20 cases and 30 controls. Cases were selected with simple sleep apnoea questionnaires and snoring people were selected as cases. Healthy non snoring people were selected as controls.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Significant increase in latency of P300 in snoring people (50%); more in males and in the middle aged group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> P300 is an electrophysiological method to measure the cognitive dysfunction in snoring people.</p>