The present study was carried out to find out the preliminary phytochemical properties, anticonvulsant and sedative activities of the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Carissa carandas leaves. The standard methods were used to screen the preliminary photochemicals present in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Carissa carandas leaves. The anticonvulsant efficacy of the extracts was determined using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in experimental animal models using diazepam as standard drug and the sedative effect was evaluated using pentobarbitone that induced sleep in mice. The efficacy of the extracts was compared against the standard drug Diazepam .The preliminary phytochemical investigation shows presence of alkaloids, glycoside, tannins, terpins . The crude extracts of ethanolic, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether at a dose 400 mg/kg has been found to significantly reduce the extensor and stupor and offer protection against convulsion induced by PTZ. The petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanolic extract found to be non significant at a dose of 100 mg/kg in flexion. It is seen that the crude extracts of ethanolic, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether Of Carissa carandas leaves significantly (p < 0.05) prolonged the time of sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis. However, the animal study revealed that the anticonvulsant and sedative activities of Carissa carandas can be used in the treatment of epilepsy.

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The hepatoprotective potentials of the ethanolic extract of the Ficus bengalensis Linn leaves were tested against carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) and ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Changes in the levels of biochemical markers of hepatic injury viz;-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP) and total albumin (TA) were determined in both treated and control groups of rats. The effects of the extracts were compared with that of silymarin (50 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity studies of the extract were also performed. The results showed that CCl 4, and ethanol elevates the levels of AST, ALT and decreased levels of TP and TA. Treatment with the ethanolic extract of Ficus bengalensis (EEFB) 100,200 and 400 mg/kg ameliorated the effects of the hepatoxins and significantly (P<0.05) reduced the elevated levels of the biochemical marker enzymes.

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