Background: PMSMA was launched by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India to improve the quality and coverage of antenatal care as part of RMNCH+A to reduce MMR. It is an initiative to help pregnant women especially from backward classes, rural areas and belonging to the unprivileged group, in remaining healthy throughout their pregnancy. Objective: 1. To assess the utilization of antenatal care services at PMSMA clinic on 9 th of each month. 2. To know factors associated with the utilization of services in PMSMA clinic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in February-April 2018 among 161 mothers who had delivered within one year from the date of the study and who had registered and availed ANC services at Rural field practice area of BIMS, Belagavi. Mothers were selected using systematic sampling. After obtaining an informed, written consent from the eligible participants, data was collected regarding utilization of ANC services and the quality of care received by them. The collected data was compiled, tabulated and analyzed in MS Excel and SPSS. The results are presented as percentage and proportion and chi-square test has been applied. Results: Majority of participants belonged to the age group 20-30 years. Majority were Hindu by religion and belonged to low socioeconomic class. ANC services under PMSMA were utilized by 32% participants. The utilization of services under PMSMA was found to be significantly associated with the type of family of the participant and awareness regarding the same. Conclusion:This study found low level of utilization of antenatal services under PMSMA in rural area of Belagavi.

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Context:Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) strains have evolved mainly due to incomplete or improper treatment of TB patients and are one of the hurdles in controlling TB problem. It is better to understand the magnitude and comorbidities associated with drug-resistant TB.Aim and Objectives:(1) To study some of the sociodemographic profile and history of TB treatment of drug-resistant TB cases. (2) To study their drug-resistance pattern and their comorbidity profile.Settings and Design:It was a record-based study descriptive, cross-sectional study of drug-resistant TB cases that were referred to State TB Training and Demonstration Centre (STDC).Materials and Methods:The data were collected by means of use of TB patient treatment register of those tested at STDC during first two quarters of the year 2012 (from January to June 2012). Sputum samples of all the cases were subjected to concentrated microscopy, and all positive samples were tested by GeneXpert and Line Probe Assay for drug susceptibility testing (DST) for isoniazid and rifampicin.Statistical Analysis:The findings were analyzed with Epi info7, using the mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test.Results:The mean age of the patients was 35.65 ± 13.59 years, majority 71.87% were males. The majority of patients 72.91% had the previous history of TB. A majority 68.75% of the patients had acquired drug resistance, and 73.95% of cases were suffering from multidrug-resistant TB. A total of 28.13% patients had self-reported comorbidity. A majority 62.5% had failure as the treatment outcome for the current episode of TB and mortality was seen in 12.5% cases.Conclusions:Majority had failure as a treatment outcome due to advanced disease status or late diagnosis. Rapid diagnosis and DST for first- and second-line drugs will greatly improve the clinical outcome.

Background: Antenatal care (ANC) is the care given to pregnant women for safe pregnancy and healthy babies. It is the most effective health intervention for preventing maternal morbidity and mortality. Health knowledge is an important element which enables women to be aware of their health status and promotes service utilization which further improves the health of the beneficiaries. This study was conducted among mothers of rural area of Belagavi with an objective to determine the level of knowledge related to ANC and the factors associated with the same. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in February-April 2018 among mothers who had delivered within one year from date of study and who had registered and availed antenatal services in field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, BIMS, Belagavi. Sample size was calculated as 161. Mothers were selected using systematic sampling. Data was collected after obtaining an informed, written consent from the participants and was compiled, tabulated and analysed in MS Excel. The results are presented as percentage and proportions and chi square test has been applied. Results: 50% participants had fair knowledge regarding ANC. The level of knowledge was found to be statistically significant with employment status and BPL status. Conclusions: The study found adequate knowledge among majority of mothers.

BACKGROUND Dengue fever has been a common and fatal vector borne disease in tropical countries and is found to be present throughout the year and also to occur in epidemics. There has been very little information on dengue illness in infants; also, there are few efforts to compare the illness of infants and that of older children. We wanted to compare the clinical features of dengue fever including complications and outcome along with the laboratory parameters in infants with those of older children. METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study. Case records of sero positive cases of dengue fever admitted to in the RESULTSA total of 31 infants (less than or equal to one year) with dengue fever, were compared with 80 older children (more than one year) with dengue fever. Mean age of infants was 5 months and that of older children was 9.2 years. Male to female distribution was 2:1.4 in infants, and 1.8:1 in older children. Symptoms like cough, coryza, diarrhoea, convulsions, flushing and reduced urine output, were more common in infants compared to older children, which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, pleural effusion, petechiae, conjunctival haemorrhage were more common in infants which was statistically highly significant (p=0.000). Mean haematocrit value was significantly higher in infants compared to older children (p=0.000). Complications of dengue like dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and/or dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were more common in infants as compared to older children (p<0.05). The time taken for recovery of platelet count to more than 100000/cumm, time taken to become afebrile, and duration of hospital stay, were longer in infants as compared to older children which was statistically highly significant (p= 0.000). CONCLUSIONSDengue infection in infants when compared with that of older children is more severe. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Machakanur V, Kamble M. Study of dengue fever between infants (≤1 year) and older children (>1 year) in a tertiary care hospital.