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Background: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varies around the world, in part reflecting the age and ethnicity of the populations studied and the diagnostic criteria applied. Numerous studies have shown an association of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance (IR) with inflammation. Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has recently emerged as a novel inflammatory index that may serve as an important predictor of inflammatory state and overall mortality. Aim of this study is to evaluate the PLR in patients with MS and to correlate the same with the severity of MS based on its categories.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 210 subjects (105 subjects with Metabolic Syndrome and 105 age and gender matched control participants without Metabolic Syndrome) seen on outpatient basis at hospitals attached to Basaveshwara medical college and research institute, Chitradurga. Detailed history including history of risk factors if any, physical examinations and baseline investigations like complete blood counts, HbA1c levels, serum glucose levels, fasting lipid profile, electrocardiography and the data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: PLR was 6% higher in males (PLR-144.77±34.6) when compared to females (PLR-136.57±30.4) in subjects with metabolic syndrome. There was 95.9% higher PLR in subjects with metabolic syndrome when compared to subjects without metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). Furthermore, PLR increased more as severity of metabolic syndrome increased (5/5 PLR-180.55±25.3,4/5 PLR-132.33±23.6, 3/5 PLR- 109.63±22.6 and non-metabolic syndrome (PLR- 77.45±19.5).Conclusions: In this study, PLR above 90 predicted significant inflammation. PLR is calculated from complete blood count with differential, is an inexpensive, easy to obtain, widely available marker of inflammation, which can aid in the risk stratification of patients with various cardiovascular diseases in addition to the traditionally used markers.

Introduction: The catastrophic effects of corona in 2020 identified the use of broad-spectrum antiviral remdesivir (RDV). The beneficial effects of RDV are not proven and documented in many trials in COVID. Materials and Methods: Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed cohort cases of COVID were retrospectively analyzed for outcomes including mortality and clinical improvement with and without RDV during the period September 21, 2020–October 9, 2020. The data were analyzed statistically for outcome in COVID. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical benefits of RDV and its outcomes in COVID. Results: A total of 91 RT-PCR positive COVID patients were grouped into 37 RDV (41%) and 54 non-RDV (51%). The mean age was 51 and 55. Male-to-female ratio of 67:32 and 65:35 in the RDV and non-RDV groups was found, indicating male predominance in the study. The recovery time for COVID was 11 days with a cure rate of 78% in the RDV group, while it was 21 days with 98% in the non-RDV group. A statistical significant association was found between RDV and the need for oxygen support (hypoxic patients) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Twenty-seven percent in RDV group needed NIV (P = 0.009). Morbidity and mortality were 19% (7) and 22% (8) and 7% (4) and 2% (1) in the RDV and non-RDV groups, respectively. Conclusion: RDV use in COVID was associated with increased mortality (22% vs. 2%) but reduced duration of hospitalization by 50% as compared to non-RDV group. Early identification of hypoxia plays an important role in COVID management for initiating RDV treatment.

Background and Aim of the Study: Numerous studies have shown an association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance with inflammation. The prevalence of MS as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Programme, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP, ATP), and other criteria indicates ranges from 11% to 41% in India. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, which is calculated from a routine complete blood count with differential, is an easily obtained, inexpensive, can be used as a widely available marker of inflammation. This ratio can also aid in the risk stratification of patients with various cardiovascular diseases in addition to the traditionally used markers. Materials and Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 210 patients with and without MS were included after detailed history and examination. Patients were considered as cases based on the NCEP, ATP III criteria for MS. Both groups of patients were subjected to routine investigations which included complete blood counts, total white blood counts, neutrophil and lymphocyte levels, HbA1c levels, serum glucose levels, fasting lipid profile, and electrocardiography. Logistic regression analysis was done to look for the association of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio with MS.P< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: It was seen that the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in participants without MS was found to be 1.57 ± 0.728 and the ratio in participants with MS fulfilling 3 out of the 5 criteria, 4 out of 5 and 5 out of 5 criteria were, respectively, 2.65 ± 1.003, 3.59 ± 1.258, and 4.79 ± 2.143. This association was statistically significant with aP= 0.00. Conclusion: Participants with MS had increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio when compared to participants without MS. Participants fulfilling higher criteria of MS had higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio suggesting increasing inflammatory state.