Introduction: Candida species are one of the major human opportunistic pathogen. Various factors like indiscriminate use of antibiotics, AIDS and other immunosuppressive conditions have led to significant rise in Candida and other fungal infections. Emergence of Antifungal resistance has further complicated the situation. Material and Method: This prospective study was conducted at a multispecialty tertiary care centre in Maharashtra for 18 months. A total of 164 Candida isolates from various clinical specimens were analysed. Repeat isolates from same patient were excluded. Species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing was done using Vitek 2 system. Results: Out of 164 Candida isolates, Candida albicans 67 (40.8%) was the most common species followed by Candida tropicalis 48 (29.3%), Candida parapsilosis 16 (9.7%), Candida famata 15 (9.1%), Candida ciferrii 6 (3.6%), Candida lusitaniae 5 (3%). From Urine, Sputum, Pus and Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Candida albicans was most common isolate; while non-albicans Candida species were most commonly isolated from Blood, Endotracheal secretion. Candida isolates showed maximum resistance to Voriconazole (9.7%), followed by Flucytosine (5.5%), Amphotericin B (2.4%), Caspofungin (2.4%), Micafungin (2.4%) and Fluconazole (1.2%).

Most common Health Care Associated Infections (HAI) are Urinary tract infection (UTI) -33%, Pneumonia -15%, Surgical Site Infections (SSI) -15%, Blood stream infections -13%, & other miscellaneous infections -24%. SSI is defined as infection at the surgical site that occurs within 30 days of the surgical procedure or within one year -if there is an implant or foreign body such as prosthetic heart valve or joint prosthesis. Wound infections are always multifactorial. Risk factors for SSI include co-morbidity, malnutrition, nicotine, suture and implanted foreign material. SSI increases morbidity & mortality in post surgical patients, & also increases hospital stay, it affects quality of life and increases financial burden to healthcare system. It may lead to major complications such as sepsis and death. Patient related risk factors are smoking, obesity and diabetes. Skin preparation with antiseptic and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis for clean-contaminated and contaminated surgery have proved efficient for decreasing SSI. Sutures in contaminated tissues may enhance penetration of micro organisms in deeper tissues & biofilm formation and this may protect organisms from host defence mechanism. One of the risk factors is the foreign material which includes suture. Commonly isolated pathogens from SSI are Staphylococcus aureus, CONS, Enterococcus species, E.coli & resistant pathogens like MRSA & candida (due to widespread use of broad spectrum anti-microbial agents.) In this study we have compared in vitro efficacy of triclosan coated polyglactin 910 suture with non -coated sutures against common bacteria isolated from SSI. Materials and Methods: We have randomly selected the strains of MRSA, MRCONS, Staphylococcus hemolyticus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, & Acinetobacter species isolated from clinical samples of SSI. These isolates were tested against triclosan coated & non coated sutures which are commercially available. Similar length of (4cm) of sutures cut & tested for zone of inhibition on lawn culture made on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) by using 0.5 McFarland standard of above strains by touching 4 to 5 colonies of each bacterium. It is incubated overnight at 37 0 C & examined for zone of inhibition. Results: zone of inhibition of coated & uncoated sutures has been measured & compared for each strain. Conclusion: In vitro, triclosan coated sutures showed good antibacterial activity than non coated sutures & hence triclosan coated sutures may help in reducing bacterial SSI rate and thus reduce cost & duration of hospital stay for the patient.

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E Coli is the most commonly encountered human pathogen which has been associated with various clinical manifestations.Analyzing resistance pattern of Escherichia coli to commonly prescribed antibiotics helps to decide empirical therapy.The study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2018.Total of 2135 E coli isolates were recovered from various clinical specimens .In our study antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of 1925 E coli isolates was studied Maximum no of E coli were isolated from urine 867 [40.60%] followed by skin & soft tissue specimens 691 [32.36%],stool specimens 179 [8.38%] , Respiratory Tract specimens 129[6.04%] , and blood 59 [2.76] .Out of 867 E coli isolates from urine specimens maximum susceptibility was found against Fosfomycin 806 [92.96 %] followed by Amikacin 753 [86.85 %], Ertapenem 702[80.96%], Gentamicin 563[64.93 %] and Nitrofurantoin 518[59.74% ]Most isolates of E coli from UTI, SSTI, RTI, BSI are susceptible to Carbapenems , Amikacin and CefoperazoneSulbactam..Increasing resistance to oral antimicrobial agents is a serious issue.Improved facilities for microbiology laboratories and judicious use of antimicrobial agents is need of the hour.

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