No signs of ADE were observed in vivo in patients with acute ZIKV infection who had prior exposure to DENV.

Mayaro virus is a neglected tropical arbovirus that causes a mild, self-limited febrile syndrome, sometimes accompanied by a highly incapacitating arthralgia. First isolated in Trinidad and Tobago in 1954, it was reported in several countries within the tropical regions of South and Central America. Human infections are accidental spillover of the enzootic cycle. Little epidemiological data are available due to inadequate surveillance and the generic nature of clinical manifestations resulting in the misdiagnosis with other viral fevers. Despite its restricted distribution, Mayaro fever may become a public health issue due to their urbanization potential. Accurate epidemiological data are urgently needed to access the real distribution of this virus guiding public health policies better.

Penile carcinoma is a rare, male cancer. Although the incidence of penile carcinoma is very low in Western countries, in some countries, the incidence is significantly greater, with penile carcinoma accounting for ≤10% of all male malignancies. Greater insight has been gained in recent years as to its pathogenesis, the risk factors associated with its development, and the clinical and histological precursor lesions related to this disease. In this review, risk and conditions factors for penile carcinoma, molecular alterations in this type of cancer, histological types, and prognostic factors will be discussed in order to further our understanding of the biology and behavior of this cancer.

Arboviruses pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, overloading the healthcare system and causing economic losses. These viruses form a very diverse group, and in Brazil, arboviruses belonging to the families Flaviviridae and Togaviridae are predominant. Unfortunately, the number of arboviruses increases in proportion with factors such as deforestation, poor sanitation, climate changes, and introduction of new viruses like Chikungunya virus and Zika virus.In Brazil, dengue is endemic, along with the presence of other arboviruses. The situation is complicated by the scarcity of diagnostic infrastructure and the absence of approved vaccines for these diseases. Disease control, thus, relies solely on vector control. Therefore, enhanced clinical knowledge and improved general awareness about these arboviruses are indispensable to tackle diagnostic inadequacies.

No abstract