Palladium nanoparticle-incorporated metal-organic framework MIL-101 (Pd/MIL-101) was successfully synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, X-ray photoelectron, UV-visible and infrared spectroscopies, and transmission electron microscopy. The characterization techniques confirmed high porosity and high surface area of MIL-101 and high stability of nano-size palladium particles. Pd/MIL-101 nanocomposite was investigated for the Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction of aryl and heteroaryl bromides with various alkynes under copper-free conditions. The reusability of the catalyst was tested for up to four cycles without any significant loss in catalytic activity.

A selective and efficient catalytic process has been developed for the oxidative coupling between N-aryl-2-aminopyridines and alkynes using a nanocrystalline magnesium oxide (NAP-MgO)-supported palladium nanoparticle [NAP-Mg-Pd(0)] catalyst and CuCl 2 as an oxidant. The process involves the ortho C-H activation of N-aryl-2-aminopyridines to give N-pyridyl indoles in excellent yields and the true heterogeneity of the catalyst is verified by studying the recoverability and reusability for four cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity.

We herein report the design and development of a carboxyamido/carbene ligand and its Pdcomplex for the decarboxylative coupling of alkynylcarboxylic acids with aryl and heteroaryl halides to afford arylalkynes.

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