Dans les langues bantoues, le préfixe nominal locatif de la classe 17 est généralement employé pour exprimer le lieu. Le but de cet article est de montrer qu’en kirundi (JD62), langue parlée au Burundi, les syntagmes nominaux locatifs de la classe 17 ku n’expriment pas toujours un vrai lieu, et leurs valeurs sémantiques sont particulièrement étendues. Dans cet article, l’étude des diverses valeurs sémantiques de ces syntagmes nominaux locatifs est faite sur base d’un corpus de textes kirundi de BantUgent. Quinze types de valeurs sémantiques ont été identifiés dans l'échantillon considéré. Par rapport à l’action exprimée dans une phrase, le syntagme nominal locatif de la classe 17 peut exprimer le thème, le bénéficiaire, le but, la cause, la manière, le numéral, l’origine, le patient, l’adjuvant, le prix, l’aboutissement, l’agent, la raison, la source et le point de vue.
Cet article a pour objectif de décrire morphosyntaxiquement le constituant morphématique -ag(a) attesté dans la structure verbale du kingwana. Une démarche d’analyse relevant de la morphologie morphématique combinatoire a été appliquée sur des phrases recueillies dans la ville de Bujumbura. Notre étude a abouti à trois résultats. D’abord, le complexe morphématique -ag(a) est constitué de la voyelle finale -a et du morphème -ag- qui se place en position pré-finale après toutes les extensions verbales. Ensuite, -ag- est un morphème flexionnel ayant la valeur sémantique de l’aspect imperfectif couvrant à la fois les valeurs contextuelles de l’habituel, de l’itératif et du duratif. Enfin, cet aspect imperfectif -ag- s’oppose au perfectif -meisha- et attribue au kingwana les caractéristiques d’une langue aspectuo-temporelle.
In Bantu languages, verbs that have a general meaning can become grammaticalized. The purpose of this study is to show that in Kirundi (JD62), the variant spoken in Burundi, the stative verb -guma ‘to stay’ can appear in given morphosyntactic structures to contribute to the production of various grammatical semantics. This article, examines the different grammatical uses of -guma based on one corpus of Kirundi texts from BantUgent. According to corpus data three grammatical uses of the verb could be identified: continuity, regularity and gradual process. First of all, the verb -guma (used as an auxiliary) marks continuity depending on its conjugation and that of the main verb. Secondly, it marks a regularity of the action described by the main verb. Finally, it is used to mark a gradual process. These grammatical functions as well as the different forms of conjugation of -guma and the main verb do not have the same frequency in the written corpus and in the oral language. The statistical distribution shows that the use of -guma as a continuity marker is more frequent both in the written corpus and in oral language compared to regularity and gradual process.
The objective of this article is to compare the noun systems of Kirundi and Standard Kiswahili in order to help bilingual users of Kirundi and Kiswahili to understand the internal organization and functioning of the noun in the two languages. A comparative approach based on contrastive analysis led to two main results. On the one hand, at the level of similarities, nominal prefixes are the means of expression of nominal classes, nominal genders, the mechanism of the augmentative/diminutive and serve to control grammatical agreement. On the other hand, at the level of the remarkable differences, these have been highlighted: the system of nominal genders in Kiswahili is simplified compared to that of Kirundi because Kirundi has more retentions of proto-Bantu than does Kiswahili, the agreement morphosyntactic is of mechanical type in Kirundi while it combines semantic motivated and mechanical models in Kiswahili. The expression of the augmentative/diminutive is done differently in Kirundi and Kiswahili in second degree if we take into account the singular/plural pairing pattern in the two languages.
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