A 5-year-old male, drowsy, jaundiced child presented with fulminant hepatitis and had HAV and HEV infection. He had hepatic encephalopathy grade 1, fever, pallor, hypotension, crepitations in his right lung base and hepatosplenomegaly with dyspnoea. He had highly raised liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia (2.8 g/dl) but anemia (hemoglobin of 7.7 g/dl and 5.7 g/dl 2 days later), reticulocytopenia and severe thrombocytopenia (44 x 10(9)/l) were unexplained. Parvovirus B19-specific IgM antibodies and B19 DNA were found in the serum of the child. Chest X-ray showed pleural effusion and bronchopneumonia, while blood culture isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci (BACTEC 9120) and he had low oxygen saturation. Hence, he was treated with IV amoxicillin+ clavulinic acid and oxygen inhalation. He had seizures and cardiac arrest but was revived. On the third day his condition worsened and the child died despite intensive care. Hence it is concluded that his anemia and thrombocytopenia were B19 induced and this might have aggravated or caused fulminant hepatitis.

Background and Purpose: Fungal renal abscesses are rare entities associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Affected kidneys can have microabscess, pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis, or papillary necrosis.Case report: Herein, we reported an unusual case of a large renal abscess cause by Candida tropicalis in a diabetic patient. The entity presented as a lump in the abdomen and later was diagnosed to be an abscess on computed tomography scan. Candida tropicalis was confirmed on the culture of the aspirate. The abscess was successfully treated by percutaneous drainage and administration of amphotericin B deoxycholate.Conclusion: Candida tropicalis is now a global concern because of its rising prevalence and high virulence. The growing resistance of this Candida species to azoles, as in our case, calls for a more judicious usage of antifungal agents. Empirical therapy with either amphotericin or echinocandins is an option in case of high azole resistance. This case highlights the importance of timely diagnosis and implementation of aggressive management in cases suffering from fungal abscesses.

There are few reports of “microfilaria in the urine.” We report an elderly woman with gross hematuria who was being investigated for urinary tract tuberculosis. Three consecutive urine samples showed microfilaria of Wuchereria bancrofti. However, she did not have chyluria. Treatment with diethylcarbamazine cleared up the hematuria within 3 days. Chyluria, hematuria, and hematochyluria are problems of Bancroftian filariasis reported worldwide. The literature review was made to present a simplified way for management.

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The main aim of this study is to determine the various types of oral bacteria and yeast. Present in oral flora of head and neck cancer patients at different stages of chemo-radiotherapy, and compare it with the control group (patients with contralateral healthy mucosa). Seventy seven patients with proven history of squamous cell carcinoma were included in the study. The oral mucosa profile was assessed for bacterial manifestations in swab samples from both the sites of the patients. The grade of mucositis was charted out for all patients during the second and third week of radiotherapy. The study revealed that all isolated oral flora showed a non-significant increase during radiotherapy, while there was a decrease in oral flora in post RT. However, E. faecalis showed a non- significant decrease during RT, while Citrobacter showed an increase. Candida albicans showed 83% non- significant decrease post- radiotherapy. When these floras were correlated with grade of mucositis, an insignificant increase in flora was found in G2 and G3 stage of mucositis. In this study, the effect of radiation was evaluated on oral flora of head and neck cancer patients and compared with contralateral healthy mucosa of the patients. Various changes were observed during and after radiation therapy. In patients with head and neck cancer the normal oral flora are replaced by pathogenic flora during radiotherapy, and the latter is responsible for infections in post- radiation phase.