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BackgroundFilariasis is a common cause of morbidity in certain parts of India, especially in the Coastal Districts. Repeated episodes of fever with chills and rigor, lymphadenopathy are the initial manifestations which gradually progress to elephantiasis. Wuchereria bancrofti is the most common parasite causing lymphatic filariasis in India. Detecting microfilaria in peripheral blood with or without Diethylcarbamazine citrate provocation is the common diagnostic modality in suspected cases. However microfilaria has been accidentally detected in fine needle aspirates, aspirated body fluids and even in bronchial washings.Case presentationWe report a case of 65-year old female presented with back ache. On investigation she had leuco-erythroblastic blood picture in the peripheral smear and metastatic deposits in the bone marrow aspirate. W. bancrofti microfilariae was an incidental finding in the bone marrow aspirate.ConclusionFinding of microfilariae in the bone marrow aspirate in the absence of clinical features of lymphatic filariasis is extremely uncommon and mostly are incidental findings. The peripheral blood may or may not reveal the microfilariae and eosinophilia in the peripheral blood is absent in majority of the cases. All the bone marrow aspirates must be screened for microfilariae in the endemic areas to identify the asymptomatic carriers.

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Background: The bone marrow examination is an essential investigation for the diagnosis and management of many disorders of the blood and bone marrow. The aspirate and trephine biopsy specimens are complementary and when both are obtained, they provide a comprehensive evaluation of the bone marrow. The present study was conducted to compare the role of trephine biopsy with bone marrow aspiration for effectively diagnosing wide spectrum of hematological diseases. Few studies have compared the relative value of aspirate with trephine biopsy. Materials & Method: This is a three year observational study undertaken in Dept. of Pathology, MKCG MCH, Berhampur,Odisha. A total of 370 cases presented with haematological disorders, of which only126 patients had undergone trephine biopsy and correlation was done with aspiration in these patients. Results: Of a total 370 patients, both BMA & BMB were performed on 126 patients (71male & 55 female). Commonly encountered diseases were AML (17%), IDA (11%), ALL (9%), others (9%), CML (8%), (6%) accounted for maximum number of cases. Other conditions included TB, NPD, Metastatic Diseases such as SRBCT, NHL& Neuroblastoma. Patients from 2 months to 80 years old were encountered in the study. BMB was diagnostic in 100% cases. In comparison BMA, a positive diagnosis was made in 80%(101) cases, suggestive in 6.3%(8) cases & negative in 13.4%(17) cases. BMB was superior to BMA in diagnosis of MF (2%), ALL (4%), Others (9%) where BMA aspirations yielded a dry tap / diluted marrow. In the present study BMB was advantageous in diagnosis & staging in 19%(25) cases. Additional advantages of BMB noted in the present study were assessment of cellularity, detection of Abnormal localization of immature precursors,, assessment of fibrosis, nodular/diffuse/focal patterns of involvement, metastatic deposits, and granuloma could be identified in BMB. Conclusion: The decision whether to perform a BMA alone or in combination with BMB rests on the diagnostic possibilities. In IDA, ITP & Acute leukaemia's where cellular morphology is desired aspiration is best. BMB is superior when assessment of cellularity, detection of ALIP, assessment of fibrosis, nodular/diffuse/focal patterns of involvement, metastatic deposits, granuloma, with the use of IHC on BMB samples the accuracy in diagnosis of Lymphoma, AML/ALL, Multiple myeloma & Metastatic Diseases can be made. Thus BMA & BMB should always go hand in hand.

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