The current scenario of transportation infrastructure demands the need for developing efficient intelligent transportation systems (ITS) because of the increased population, changes in population density, traffic congestion, etc. Recent literature on ITS discuss on the need for green cooperative diversity techniques to improve the energy efficiency of the wireless nodes which are embedded in the transportation infrastructure. In the present work, we propose single-inputmultiple-output (SIMO) and spatial modulation (SM) techniques for multiple antenna cooperative ITS in order to improve the energy efficiency of wireless nodes. Moreover, the symbol error probability (SEP) performance and energy efficiency of the proposed techniques are analyzed and compared with the traditional techniques. From the simulation results, it has been inferred that energy efficiency of cooperative ITS can be improved by employing SIMO technique, whereas both energy and spectral efficiency improvement can be obtained by employing SM technique.

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We investigate the performance of satellite communication systems acquiring the space shift keying (SSK) modulation technique over shadowed-rician (SR) land mobile satellite (LMS) link. Specifically, we discuss the analytical performance of the considered system over independent and identically distributed SR fading channels in terms of symbol error rate (SER), diversity order, and average capacity. The SER of the considered set-up is derived by utilizing moment generating function (MGF) expression over the SR fading LMS communication links. The analytical diversity order of the scheme is derived by using SER expression. We consider the effect of elevation angles on the SER performance, diversity order, and channel capacity of the considered SSK-assisted satellite communication system. As observed from simulation and analytical results, the performance of the considered set-up can be raised by improving elevation angles. Further, a closed-form expression of the average capacity of the SSK assisted satellite communication system is also derived. It is shown through simulation and analysis that the fading conditions and elevation angle does not affect the diversity order of the system, but it adversely acts on the SER performance and average capacity of the system.INDEX TERMS Space Shift Keying (SSK), Fading Channels, Land Mobile Satellite (LMS), Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO).

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