Gestational age and birth weight were the most significant risk factors for developing ROP. The study population had an elevated percentage of infants with birth weight less than 1,000 g (extremely low birth weight), yet there was no corresponding increase in severe ROP incidence and treatment when compared to other studies.

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Purpose: To assess pre-clerkship and clerkship medical student performance in an ophthalmology Objective Standardized Clinical Examination (OSCE) station. Methods: One hundred pre-clerkship medical students and 98 clerkship medical students were included in this study. The OSCE station consisted of a common ocular complaint – blurry vision with decreased visual acuity – and students were asked to take an appropriate history, provide two or three differential diagnoses to explain the symptoms, and perform a basic ophthalmic examination. Results: Generally, clerks performed better than pre-clerks in the history taking ( P < 0.01) and ophthalmic examination ( P < 0.05) sections, with few specific exceptions. In the history-taking section, more pre-clerkship students asked about patient age and past medical history ( P < 0.00001) and for the ophthalmic examination, more pre-clerkship students performed the anterior segment examination ( P < 0.01). Interestingly, more pre-clerkship students were also able to provide two or three differential diagnoses ( P < 0.05), specifically diabetic retinopathy ( P < 0.00001) and hypertensive retinopathy ( P < 0.00001). Conclusion: The performance of both groups was generally satisfactory; however, many students in both groups had scores that were unsatisfactory. Notably, pre-clerks also outperformed clerks in certain areas, which emphasizes the importance of revisiting ophthalmology content through clerkship. Awareness of such knowledge can allow medical educators to incorporate focused programs into the curriculum.