In a world of ever-growing population, fish among foods is one of the cheapest sources for provision of high quality animal protein with values ranging from 15 to 20% (Mohanty et al., 2011). They are also an excellent source of lipid containing omega-3 fatty acid, more specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (Kris-Etherton et al., 2000) which are known to have commendatory impact on cardiovascular as well as nervous system of children during pre-natal development (Tilami et al., 2018). In addition to its valuable lipid and protein composition, it is also a significant source of vitamins (vitamin A and vitamin D) and minerals (Ca, P, Fe, Zn, K, Na etc).Recently, the global fish production has peaked to 170.90 million tonnes with India being the second largest producer of fish after China (FAO, 2018). Being a riverine country, India is home to many fresh water fish species. As per the reports of National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR) of India, there are around 2,246 finfish species in India of which around 765 have been identified as freshwater fish
Aims: The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the functional properties and reconstitution behavior of enteral formulae i.e. Balanced Enteral Formula, High Protein Enteral Formula and High Energy Enteral Formula formulated using locally available natural ingredients.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, Assam Agricultural University during the period of August 2017 to January 2018.
Methodology: Three enteral formulae namely Balanced Enteral Formula, High Protein Enteral Formula and High Energy Enteral Formula were formulated using naturally available low cost ingredients. Standard protocols were followed to evaluate the quality of ingredients used and formulated enteral formulae.
Results: Both ingredients and enteral formulae had good functional properties with bulk density, tapped density, particle density, porosity, cohesiveness, flowability, water absorption index and water solubility index ranging from 0.33 to 0.50 g/ml, 0.38 to 0.56 g/ml, 0.59 to 1.25 g/ml, 35.00 to 60.00per cent, 0.33 to 1.18, 0.00 to 17.77 per cent, 1.23 to 7.59 g/g and 23.66 to 87.62 per cent soluble solids respectively for the ingredients used and 0.44 to 0.47 g/ml; 0.50 to 0.53 g/ml; 0.89 to 0.90 g/ml; 41.00 to 44.44 per cent; 1.12 to 1.14; 11.30 to 12.00 per cent; 3.39 to 4.59 g/g and 42.66 to 51.00 per cent respectively for the formulated enteral formulae. Color analysis of the developed formulae using Hunter Lab showed desirable results with L*, a* and b* value in the range of 82.43 to 87.10; 1.35 to 2.38 and 13.75 to 13.95 respectively. The reconstitution of formulated enteral formulae with warm water revealed a reconstitution time varying from 5 to 6 minutes. Further the reconstituted formula feed on passage through Ryles tube showed superior flow rate in formulae prepared with 20 per cent solid concentration (W/V).
Conclusion: The developed enteral formulae had excellent functional characteristics and reconstitution behavior indicating quality product suitable for enteral feeding.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.