No abstract

Obesity is one of the health problems in the last century. The aim of this study is to compare mindfulness, body consciousness and stress in obese and normal-weight people. The population of the study included all obese people who visited diet and weight loss centers in Rasht city and normal-weight people. Two hundred individuals (100 obese and 100 normal-weight people) were selected using convenience sampling method. Research data was collected using mindfulness questionnaire by Baer, Smith & Allen (2004), body consciousness questionnaire by Miller et al (1981), and depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire by Lovibond & Lovibond (1995), and was analyzed using independent t-test. The results revealed significant difference in mindfulness scores between two groups, that is, obese people have lower mindfulness and more stress than normal-weight people. However, no significant difference was observed between two groups in terms of body consciousness. Increase mindfulness and managing stress, as two influential factors on obese patients, can improve their physical and mental health, and reduce their weight.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases that affects a significant part of the community. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on the somatic symptom experience, medication adherence, and perceived stress in patients with IBS. Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and a control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all patients with IBS who referred to medical centers and neurologists between November and January 2017. The study sample included 30 patients with IBS who were randomly divided into equal schema therapy and control groups. The intervention lasted two months. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), Somatic Symptom Experience Questionnaire (BSS-FS), and Medication Adherence Questionnaire (MMAS-8) were used to collect data. In this study, means and standard deviations and analysis of variance with repeated measures were employed for descriptive statistics and the inferential analysis of results, respectively, using SPSS, version 22. Results: The results showed that schema therapy was effective on somatic symptom experience (P < 0.001), medication adherence (P < 0.001), and perceived stress (P < 0.001) in patients with IBS. Conclusion: It can be concluded that schema therapy was effective on somatic symptom experience, medication adherence, and perceived stress in patients with IBS; thus, it can be used to reduce psychological problems in patients with IBS.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women, and mastectomy, the surgical treatment for this cancer, affects different aspects of patients' life. This study aimed to describe women's lived experiences of femininity after mastectomy and treatment.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted on 17 breast cancer survivors in Tehran in 2018-2019. The participants, who were selected through snowball sampling, had undergone mastectomy at least 6 months before and were younger than 50 years. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and analyzed with the contractual content analysis method.Results: The analysis of patients' experiences led to the identification of 7 main themes (and 18 subtheme): social life (social isolation, quitting the job or getting a part-time job, and dropping out of school), body image (being asymmetric, being unattractive, and requiring reconstructive surgery), others' opinions (complaining about how others look at them and concerns of being pitied), marital relationships (fear of abandonment, fear of spouse's pity, shame of being nude, and compromised sexual intimacy), reproductive health (premature menopause and possible infertility), perceived support (attending support group meetings and keeping in touch with cured ones), taking responsibilities of household works (inability to do housewife affairs and inability to do the housework). Conclusion:Mastectomy and treatment for breast cancer greatly affect many areas of individual and social life and marital relationships of patients, necessitating the need to develop and establish free support resources by NGOs and highlighting the government's role in reducing the psychological and family damage caused by the disease.

The nature and quality of presenting religious literature to children have engaged the minds of many scholars of children’s literature, sometimes posing remarkable challenges. Today’s knowledge declares that children brim with a variety of intelligences and modes of interpretation. A great portion of their competence, dubbed “spiritual intelligence,” may be created and reinforced by dint of religious literature. Mastering the working of the elements of spiritual intelligence and applying them to poetry may contribute to the enhancement of the quality of children’s religious poetry. To this end, the authors analyzed 300 pieces of poetry written for children with a religious theme, using descriptive and analytic methods in restoring and appraising the elements of spiritual intelligence. The findings suggest that self-awareness and posing questions are among the most efficacious elements of spiritual intelligence in children’s religious poetry whereas some aspects are neglected.