Performance management includes activities that ensure that organisation goals are consistently being met effectively and efficiently. The performance appraisal is a review and discussion of an employee's performance of assigned duties and responsibilities. Presently, in the Eastern Cape Department of Health, the performance appraisal tool used is the Performance Management and Development System (PMDS). Despite its policy's review over the years, workers are of the opinion that it does not eliminate the problems encountered while implementing PMDS. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) which could be integrated with the PMDS in order to identify performance enhancement and to help promote professional growth. The Balanced scorecard ensures that the visions and goals of the organisation are met, ensuring strategic decision making at the top management level. An Organisation can develop its vision or strategic intent in order to achieve its mission and implement its strategies. The Organisation's ability to be a success depends on the performance of its staff and the BSC which also help in aligning their performance and the strategies would be useful. The PMDS and BSC combined would not only be a measurement system but also a management system that enables organisation to identify their strategies and transform them into actions.
Background and Objectives: Previous researchers showed the antimicrobial ability of ionic liquids (ILs) on different infec- tive agents. ILs can dissolve organic components, especially DNA molecules. Among synthesized eight binary ILs mixtures, we have chosen ([Met-HCl] [PyS]) IL for determining the antifungal ability of IL against Candida albicans cells.
Materials and Methods: Well diffusion assay, chrome agar and Germ tube tests were used to detect the Candida samples. PCR, real-time-PCR, and flow cytometry tests were performed to determine the IL's rate of toxic ability.
Results: Well diffusion assay revealed the diameters of the growth inhibition zones were the largest in IL with methionine and Proline amino acids. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the Minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) tests showed that they inhibited the growth of the C. albicans at a range from 250 µg/ml for sensitivity and 400 µg/ml for resis- tance, MIC average of all samples were 341.62 ± 4.153 µg/ml. IL reduced the expression of CDR1 and CDR2 the genes encoded by the major protein of ABC system transporter by 2.1 (P= 0.009) and 1.2 fold (P= 0.693), revealed by PCR and real time-PCR. In the flow cytometry test, there were increasing dead cells after treating with the ([Met-HCl] [PyS]) even in the most resistant strain.
Conclusion: The novel IL was effective against the most clinical and standard C. albicans.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.