The current study aims at both identifying the detailed variables behind selecting the appropriate market segment(s) and the selection of the three generic marketing strategies i.e. differentiation, focus and cost leadership. The experiences of 177 Bahraini executives working for domestic and multi-national corporations (MNCs) were utilized to achieve these objectives. Via SPSS version 21 and throughout multivariate analytical technique (e.g. multiple regression), factor analysis, and descriptive analysis the current study’s three objectives and four hypotheses were tested. Based on factor analysis, the target market selection variables are loaded on four factors as proposed by Hooley and Saunders (1993). However, the title of the fourth variable becomes “regulatory, political, and environmental” instead of only “environmental factor” as in Hooley and Saunders (1993) did name in their own study. Based on Multiple Regression (MR) results, there is no significant causality relationship between demographics (i.e. type of business, ownership, experience, and size) and market factor. Meanwhile, significant causality relationships were existed between; demographics and “economic and technological factor”; demographics and “competitive factor”; and between demographics and “regulatory, political, and environmental factor”. Finally, the variables for selecting each generic strategy have been determined.

The current study aims at identifying the causality relationships amongst (U-I) relationship's variables i.e. demographics, communication, trust, satisfaction, functional conflict, afflictive commitment, expectation of continuity, willingness to invest, and collaboration. The experiences of 216 Egyptian internship's companies were utilized to achieve these objectives. Throughout multivariate analytical technique (e.g. multiple regression), significant causality relationships have been supported these U-I relationships. However, only two significant relationships between demographics and both satisfaction, and commitment were found.

This research designed to figure out the sets of variables needed for designing an international marketing strategy (IMS) in GCC context. Therefore, the causality relationships between designing an IMS and brand orientation (BO), brand performance (BP), international financial performance (FP), international commitment (ICOM), brand repositioning (BR), congruence of marketing environment (CUE), controlling international branding activities (CIBA), and demographic factors (DF) were tested. The experiences of 156 senior executives, with international experience, working in GCC market have been utilized for that purpose. Via SPSS version twenty one and throughout multi-variant e.g. multiple regression, bi-variant e.g. correlation, and uni-variant e.g. descriptive analytical techniques, the research eight aims and hypotheses were tested. The study revealed that there are significant causality relationships between designing international marketing strategy (IMS) and study's demographics, brand orientation, financial performance, brand performance, international commitment, brand repositioning, congruence of marketing environment, and control of international branding activities. In branding context in GCC, the current study is a pioneer endeavor in this perspective. Research findings were seen as a pioneer endeavor outside the USA companies and markets that attracted most of international marketing scholars.

The current research aims at identifying the causality relationships between SERVQUAL dimensions i.e. tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy and demographics i.e. gender, age, income, education, and occupation. The reliability and validity of Parasuraman's instrument were tested in a developing nation i.e. UAE. Moreover, quality of banking services will be assessed in UAE. The experiences of 537 customers were utilized to achieve these objectives. Throughout Multiple Regression in SPSS package, significant relationships between each SERVQUAL dimension and demographics were supported. However, the explanation powers of these models are still weak. Throughout WSRT, baking services' quality still lags behind the expectations of UAE inhabitants.

The current article addresses the leadership in higher education institutions (HEIs) with diversified cultures’ academics. It stresses the importance of leadership in academia by presenting a self-experience case in this perspective. The experience of 100 academics were utilized, via one-to-one interview, in this perspective in answer two research questions i.e. “how to deal appropriately with a much diversified work culture” and “how to exercise leadership traits in a diversified higher education context?