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Purpose The three objectives served by this review are to provide readers a limpid insight about the topic performance management (PM), to analyse the latest trends in PM literature and to illustrate the theoretical perspectives. It would be fascinating for the practitioners and researchers to see the latest trends in the PM system, which is not yet covered in previous reviews. The study covers the historical and theoretical perspectives of human resource management practices. We also try to unveil some of the theoretical debates and conflicts regarding the topic. Design/methodology/approach We reviewed 139 studies on PM published within the last 20 years (2000–2020). The method used here is the integrative review method. The criteria used to determine studies are articles from peer-reviewed journals regarding the PM system published between 2000 and 2020. The initial search for studies was conducted using an extensive journal database, and then an intensive reference-based search was also done. Each selected article was coded, themes were identified, and trends for every 5 years were determined. All the articles were analysed and classified based on the methodology used to identify qualitative and quantitative studies. Findings The review concludes that PM literature's emphasis shifted from traditional historical evaluations conducted once or twice a year to forward-looking, feedback-enriched PM systems. By segregating the studies into 5-year periods, we could extract five significant trends that prevailed in the PM literature from 2000 to 2020: reactions to PM system, factors that influence PM system, quality of rating sources, evaluating the PM system and types of the PM system. The review ends with a discussion of practical implications and avenues for future research. Research limitations/implications It is equally a limitation and strength of this paper that we conducted a review of 139 articles to cover the whole works in PM literature during the last 20 years. The study could not concentrate on any specific PM theme, such as exploring employee outcomes or organizational outcomes. Likewise, the studies on public sector and non-profit organizations are excluded from this review, which constitutes a significant share of PM literature. Another significant limitation is that the selected articles are classified only based on their methodology; further classification based on different themes and contexts can also be done. Originality/value The study is an original review of the PM literature to identify the latest trends in the field.

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the effect of high involvement work processes on employee withdrawal behaviors in information technology sector in India. It draws from the structured questionnaire data from 300 software engineers working in Infosys, CTS, and HCL. Data was analyzed to find out details related to the relationship between high involvement work processes and employee withdrawal behaviors. It was found that high involvement work processes have a strong negative impact on withdrawal behaviors. The relationship was found to be stronger in the case of work withdrawal behaviors compared to that of job withdrawal behaviors.

The effectiveness of any teaching-learning process (TLP) can be evaluated based on results obtained after using it. Any learning result relies upon the pedagogical methods adopted to teach learners. The more the technique's suitability, the better will be the results. Game-based learning is where game features and principles are implanted within learning activities. Game-based learning is also an effective learning technique in which games boost student learning. Game-based learning (GBL) brings advancement, experimentation, and disclosure of internal ability in learners. For the educators, it creates original thoughts and ways to deal with the teaching-learning process, allowing instructors to learn new methodologies lined up with research on how students learn. This chapter attempts to sort out the requirement for game-based learning as a creative educating approach. The significant finding of this chapter is a conceptual framework that will enable researchers to identify critical factors for the successful implementation of GBL.

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