Objectives: To adapt to Spanish the facial disability index (FDI) described by VanSwearingen and Brach in 1995 and to assess its reliability and validity in patients with facial nerve paresis after parotidectomy. Study Design: The present study was conducted in two different stages: a) cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire and b) cross-sectional study of a control group of 79 Spanish-speaking patients who suffered facial paresis after superficial parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation. The cross-cultural adaptation process comprised the following stages: (I) initial translation, (II) synthesis of the translated document, (III) retro-translation, (IV) review by a board of experts, (V) pilot study of the pre-final draft and (VI) analysis of the pilot study and final draft. Results: The reliability and internal consistency of every one of the rating scales included in the FDI (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient) was 0.83 for the complete scale and 0.77 and 0.82 for the physical and the social well-being subscales. The analysis of the factorial validity of the main components of the adapted FDI yielded similar results to the original questionnaire. Bivariate correlations between FDI and House-Brackmann scale were positive. The variance percentage was calculated for all FDI components. Conclusions: The FDI questionnaire is a specific instrument for assessing facial neuromuscular dysfunction which becomes a useful tool in order to determine quality of life in patients with facial nerve paralysis. Spanish adapted FDI is equivalent to the original questionnaire and shows similar reliability and validity. The proven reproducibi-lity, reliability and validity of this questionnaire make it a useful additional tool for evaluating the impact of facial nerve paralysis in Spanish-speaking patients. Key words:Parotidectomy, facial nerve paralysis, facial disability.

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Recibido:320 Neurocirugía 2007; 18: Resumen El hemangioma intraóseo primario, aunque rara vez afecta a los huesos de la órbita, se debe tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial en aquellos pacientes que presenten una masa fija en la órbita o signos de proptosis progresiva no dolorosa. Para el planteamiento terapéutico es crítico valorar la localización exacta y la extensión de la lesión mediante TC y RNM, y establecer si tiene un origen vascular, pues un manejo inadecuado puede dar lugar a una hemorragia severa. El tratamiento quirúrgico se indica ante una proptosis progresiva o una deformidad estética. Se presentan dos casos de pacientes con hemangiomas primarios intraóseos del reborde supralateral de la órbita. Se realizó una extirpación con un margen óseo sano y se reconstruyó la órbita de forma inmediata mediante injertos de calota fijados con placas reabsorbibles. En el seguimiento a 3 años no ha habido evidencia de recurrencia local, y los resultados funcionales y estéticos obtenidos han sido muy satisfactorios.PALABRAS CLAVE: Órbita. Hemangiomas. Intraóseo. Tumor. Incisión bicoronal. Injerto óseo. Placa reabsorbible.Primary intraosseous hemangioma of the orbit: Report of two cases Summary Primary intraosseous hemangioma, though rarely affect the bones of the orbit, should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents an enlarging mass fixed to the bone in the orbit or signs of progressive painless proptosis. Assessing the exact site and extent of the hemangioma by means of a CT scan and MRI and establishing the vascular origin of the lesion, is critical in the therapeutical planning, since an inadequate management may result in a severe hemorrhage. Progressive proptosis and contour deformity require surgical treatment. Two cases of patients with primary intraosseus hemangioma of the supra-lateral orbital rim are reported. A bony healthy margin excision was performed, followed by immediate reconstruction of the orbit with calvarial bone grafts fixed with resorbable plates. After three-year follow-up there have not been evidence of local recurrence, and the functional and aesthetic results obtained have been very satisfactory. IntroducciónLos hemangiomas y las malformaciones vasculares son las neoplasias más frecuentes en los tejidos blandos de la órbita 16 . Sin embargo, los hemangiomas de localización primaria en hueso representan menos del 1% de todas las neoplasias óseas. Más del 50% aparecen en las vértebras y en el cráneo, afectando en esta última localización sobre todo al frontal y parietal. En los huesos de la órbita se diagnostican alrededor del 5% 1 . Los hemangiomas primarios intraóseos orbitarios son neoplasias benignas que se presentan como una masa dura que en su lento crecimiento pueden causar una deformidad facial significativa, así como dolores de cabeza y problemas oculares (proptosis, diplopia y pérdida visual) 5,12,19 . Los localizados en la región superolateral pueden crecer hacia la fosa craneal media posteriormente o afectar al techo de la órbita superio...

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